Akatswiri a AI akukambirana momwe angaphatikizire AI yolimba mu chisamaliro chaumoyo, chifukwa chake mgwirizano pakati pa maphunziro osiyanasiyana ndi wofunika kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kwa AI yobereka popanga kafukufuku.
Feifei Li ndi Lloyd Minor adapereka ndemanga zotsegulira pamsonkhano woyamba wa RAISE Health Symposium ku Stanford University School of Medicine pa Meyi 14. Steve Fish
Anthu ambiri ogwidwa ndi luntha lochita kupanga akhala ndi nthawi ya "aha", yotsegulira malingaliro awo kudziko la zinthu zomwe zingatheke. Pa msonkhano woyamba wa RAISE Health Symposium pa Meyi 14, Lloyd Minor, MD, mkulu wa Stanford University School of Medicine komanso wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa nkhani zachipatala ku Stanford University, adagawana malingaliro ake.
Pamene wachinyamata wina wofuna kudziwa zinthu anafunsidwa kuti afotokoze mwachidule zomwe anapeza zokhudza khutu lamkati, anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zopanga zinthu. “Ndinafunsa kuti, ‘Kodi vuto la dehiscence syndrome lapamwamba kwambiri ndi chiyani?’ Minor anauza anthu pafupifupi 4,000 omwe anali nawo pamsonkhanowu. M’masekondi ochepa chabe, ndime zingapo zinaonekera.
“Ndi zabwino, zabwino kwambiri,” iye anatero. “Kuti izi zasonkhanitsidwa mwachidule, molondola komanso momveka bwino za matendawa. Izi n’zodabwitsa kwambiri.”
Ambiri adagawana chisangalalo cha Minor pa chochitika cha theka la tsiku, chomwe chinali chiyambi cha RAISE Health initiative, pulojekiti yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi Stanford University School of Medicine ndi Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI) kuti itsogolere kugwiritsa ntchito bwino luntha lochita kupanga. luntha mu kafukufuku wa zamankhwala, maphunziro, ndi chisamaliro cha odwala. Okamba nkhani adafufuza tanthauzo la kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga mu zamankhwala m'njira yomwe si yothandiza kwa madokotala ndi asayansi okha, komanso yowonekera bwino, yolungama komanso yolungama kwa odwala.
"Tikukhulupirira kuti uwu ndi ukadaulo womwe umakulitsa luso la anthu," adatero Fei-Fei Li, pulofesa wa sayansi ya makompyuta ku Stanford School of Engineering, mkulu wa RAISE Health ndi pulojekiti ya Minor komanso mkulu wina wa HAI. Mibadwo ndi mibadwo, ukadaulo watsopano ungatuluke: kuyambira ku mamolekyu atsopano a maantibayotiki mpaka kupanga mapu a zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ndikuwulula mbali zobisika za biology yofunikira, AI ikufulumizitsa kupeza zinthu zasayansi. Koma si zonsezi zomwe zili zothandiza. "Magwiritsidwe ntchito onsewa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka, ndipo tikufunika asayansi apakompyuta omwe amapanga ndikuyika [nzeru zopanga] moyenera, kugwira ntchito ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, kuyambira madokotala ndi akatswiri azachikhalidwe ... mpaka akatswiri azachitetezo ndi zina zambiri," akutero iye. "Zochita monga RAISE Health zikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwathu pa izi."
Kuphatikiza magawo atatu a Stanford Medicine—Sukulu ya Zamankhwala, Stanford Health Care ndi Stanford University School of Child Health Medicine—ndi kulumikizana kwake ndi madera ena a Stanford University kwayiyika pamalo pomwe akatswiri akulimbana ndi chitukuko cha nzeru zopanga zinthu. nkhani zoyang'anira ndi kuphatikizana m'munda wa zaumoyo ndi zamankhwala. Nyimboyi idati.
"Tili pamalo abwino oti tikhale otsogolera pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa bwino nzeru zopanga zinthu, kuyambira pakupeza zinthu zofunika kwambiri zamoyo mpaka kukonza chitukuko cha mankhwala ndikupangitsa njira zoyesera zachipatala kukhala zogwira mtima kwambiri, mpaka kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala. Momwe dongosolo lazaumoyo lakhazikitsidwira," adatero.
Oyankhula angapo adagogomezera lingaliro losavuta: kuyang'ana kwambiri wogwiritsa ntchito (pankhaniyi, wodwala kapena dokotala) ndipo zina zonse zidzatsatira. "Zimaika wodwalayo pakati pa chilichonse chomwe timachita," adatero Dr. Lisa Lehmann, mkulu wa bioethics ku Brigham and Women's Hospital. "Tiyenera kuganizira zosowa zawo ndi zomwe amaziika patsogolo."
Kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja: Wofalitsa nkhani za STAT News Mohana Ravindranath; Jessica Peter Lee wa Microsoft Research; Sylvia Plevritis, pulofesa wa sayansi ya deta ya zamankhwala, akukambirana za udindo wa luntha lochita kupanga pa kafukufuku wa zamankhwala.
Oyankhula omwe analipo pagululi, omwe anali Lehmann, katswiri wazachipatala wa Stanford University Mildred Cho, MD, ndi Mkulu wa Zachipatala wa Google Michael Howell, MD, adatchula zovuta za machitidwe a zipatala, ndikugogomezera kufunika komvetsetsa cholinga chawo musanachitepo kanthu kalikonse. Chitani izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti machitidwe onse omwe apangidwa ndi ophatikiza onse ndi omvera anthu omwe adapangidwa kuti awathandize.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuwonekera poyera: kumafotokoza momveka bwino komwe deta yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa njira yophunzitsira imachokera, cholinga choyambirira cha njira yophunzitsira ndi chiyani, komanso ngati deta ya odwala amtsogolo idzapitiriza kuthandiza njira yophunzitsira, pakati pa zinthu zina.
"Kuyesa kulosera mavuto a makhalidwe abwino asanakhale aakulu [kumatanthauza] kupeza malo abwino kwambiri komwe mungadziwe zambiri za ukadaulo kuti mukhale ndi chidaliro mwa iwo, koma osati [vutoli] lisanafalikire kwambiri ndikulithetsa msanga." , adatero Denton Char. Wophunzira wa Sayansi Yachipatala, Pulofesa Wachiwiri wa Dipatimenti ya Ana Ogonetsa Odwala, Perioperative Medicine ndi Pain Medicine. Gawo limodzi lofunika, akutero, ndikuzindikira onse omwe angakhudzidwe ndi ukadaulowu ndikuwona momwe iwowo angafunire kuyankha mafunso amenewo.
Jesse Ehrenfeld, MD, purezidenti wa American Medical Association, akukambirana zinthu zinayi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chida chilichonse cha digito chigwiritsidwe ntchito pa thanzi, kuphatikizapo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga. Kodi chimagwira ntchito? Kodi izi zigwira ntchito ku bungwe langa? Ndani amalipira? Ndani ali ndi udindo?
Michael Pfeffer, MD, mkulu wa nkhani ku Stanford Health Care, adatchula chitsanzo chaposachedwa pomwe mavuto ambiri adayesedwa pakati pa anamwino m'zipatala za Stanford. Madokotala amathandizidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu ya zilankhulo zomwe zimapereka ndemanga zoyambirira za mauthenga omwe akubwera kwa odwala. Ngakhale kuti pulojekitiyi si yangwiro, madokotala omwe adathandiza kupanga ukadaulowu akuti chitsanzochi chimachepetsa ntchito yawo.
"Nthawi zonse timayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zitatu zofunika: chitetezo, magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kuphatikiza anthu onse. Ndife madokotala. Timalumbira kuti "sitidzavulaza," adatero Nina Vasan, MD, pulofesa wothandizira pazachipatala wa matenda amisala ndi sayansi ya khalidwe, yemwe adalowa nawo Char ndipo Pfeffer adalowa nawo gululo. "Iyi iyenera kukhala njira yoyamba yowunikira zida izi."
Nigam Shah, MBBS, Ph.D., Pulofesa wa Zamankhwala ndi Sayansi ya Zamankhwala, anayamba kukambirana ndi ziwerengero zodabwitsa ngakhale kuti panali chenjezo loyenera kwa omvera. "Ndimalankhula mwachidule komanso molunjika, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zolunjika kwambiri," adatero.
Malinga ndi Shah, kupambana kwa AI kumadalira luso lathu lokulitsa luso lathu. "Kuchita kafukufuku woyenera wa sayansi pa chitsanzo kumatenga zaka pafupifupi 10, ndipo ngati pulogalamu iliyonse mwa 123 ya fellowship ndi residency ikufuna kuyesa ndikuyika chitsanzocho pamlingo wokhwima, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuchita sayansi yolondola chifukwa pakadali pano tikukonza zoyesayesa zathu ndi [kuyesa]]. Zingawononge $138 biliyoni kuti zitsimikizire kuti tsamba lathu lililonse likugwira ntchito moyenera," adatero Shah. "Sitingakwanitse izi. Chifukwa chake tifunika kupeza njira yokulira, ndipo tifunika kukulira ndikuchita sayansi yabwino. Maluso olimba ali pamalo amodzi ndipo maluso okulitsa ali kwina, kotero tidzafunika mgwirizano wamtunduwu."
Wothandizira Dean Yuan Ashley ndi Mildred Cho (Wolandila) adapezeka pa Msonkhano wa RAISE Health. Steve Fish
Oyankhula ena pa msonkhanowu adati izi zitha kuchitika kudzera m'mabungwe aboma ndi achinsinsi, monga lamulo laposachedwa la White House Executive Order on the Secure, Secure and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence and the Consortium for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence (CHAI).
"Mgwirizano wa boma ndi wachinsinsi womwe uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ndi pakati pa maphunziro apamwamba, mabungwe achinsinsi ndi mabungwe aboma," adatero Laura Adams, mlangizi wamkulu wa National Academy of Medicine. Adanenanso kuti boma lingatsimikizire kuti anthu akudalirana, ndipo zipatala zamaphunziro apamwamba zingapereke chilolezo, ndipo ukatswiri waukadaulo ndi nthawi ya pakompyuta zitha kuperekedwa ndi mabungwe achinsinsi. "Tonsefe ndife abwino kuposa aliyense wa ife, ndipo tikuzindikira kuti ... sitingapemphere kuti tizindikire kuthekera kwa [nzeru zopanga] pokhapokha titamvetsetsa momwe tingagwirizanirane."
Oyankhula angapo anati AI ikukhudzanso kafukufuku, kaya asayansi amaigwiritsa ntchito kufufuza ziphunzitso zamoyo, kulosera zochitika zatsopano ndi kapangidwe ka mamolekyulu opangidwa kuti athandizire njira zatsopano zochiritsira, kapena kuwathandiza kufotokoza mwachidule kapena kulemba mapepala asayansi.
“Iyi ndi mwayi wowona zosadziwika,” anatero Jessica Mega, MD, katswiri wa matenda a mtima ku Stanford University School of Medicine komanso woyambitsa Alphabet’s Verily. Mega anatchula za kujambula zithunzi za hyperspectral, komwe kumajambula zithunzi zomwe sizioneka ndi maso a munthu. Lingaliro ndikugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga kuti azindikire mawonekedwe omwe ali m'ma slide a matenda omwe anthu sawona omwe akusonyeza matenda. “Ndikulimbikitsa anthu kuti avomereze zosadziwika. Ndikuganiza kuti aliyense pano akudziwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda enaake omwe akufunika china chake choposa chomwe tingapereke lero,” anatero Mejia.
Omwe adapanga zisankho adagwirizananso kuti machitidwe anzeru zopanga adzapereka njira zatsopano zodziwira ndikuthana ndi kupanga zisankho zokondera, kaya zopangidwa ndi anthu kapena nzeru zopanga, ndi kuthekera kozindikira komwe kwachokera tsankho.
“Thanzi si chithandizo chamankhwala chokha,” anatero anthu angapo omwe adagwirizana. Oyankhula adagogomezera kuti ofufuza nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza zinthu zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la anthu, monga momwe anthu alili pa zachuma, zip code, kuchuluka kwa maphunziro, ndi mtundu ndi fuko, akamasonkhanitsa deta yophatikizapo ndikulemba anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali kuti akaphunzire. “AI imagwira ntchito bwino ngati deta yomwe chitsanzocho chaphunzitsidwa,” anatero Michelle Williams, pulofesa wa epidemiology ku Harvard University komanso pulofesa wothandizira wa epidemiology ndi thanzi la anthu ku Stanford University School of Medicine. “Ngati tichita zomwe timayesetsa kuchita, kukonza zotsatira zaumoyo ndikuchotsa kusalingana, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tasonkhanitsa deta yapamwamba kwambiri yokhudza khalidwe la anthu komanso malo ochezera komanso achilengedwe.”
Natalie Pageler, MD, pulofesa wa zachipatala wa ana ndi mankhwala, anati deta yonse ya khansa nthawi zambiri imachotsa deta yokhudza amayi apakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale tsankho losapeŵeka m'mamodeli ndikuwonjezera kusiyana komwe kulipo pa chisamaliro chaumoyo.
Dr. David Magnus, pulofesa wa ana ndi mankhwala, anati monga ukadaulo uliwonse watsopano, nzeru zopanga zitha kupangitsa zinthu kukhala bwino m'njira zambiri kapena kuziipira. Magnus anati, chiopsezo chake ndichakuti machitidwe anzeru zopanga adzaphunzira za zotsatira zosalingana paumoyo zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa thanzi la anthu ndikulimbitsa zotsatira zake kudzera muzochita zawo. "Nzeru zopanga ndi galasi lomwe limawonetsa chikhalidwe chomwe tikukhalamo," adatero. "Ndikukhulupirira kuti nthawi iliyonse tikakhala ndi mwayi wowunikira nkhani - kudziyimira pawokha - zidzakhala ngati chilimbikitso chowongolera mkhalidwewo."
Ngati simunathe kupezeka pa msonkhano wa RAISE Health, chojambulira cha gawoli chingapezeke apa.
Sukulu ya Zamankhwala ya Yunivesite ya Stanford ndi njira yolumikizirana yosamalira thanzi yomwe ili ndi Sukulu ya Zamankhwala ya Yunivesite ya Stanford komanso njira zoperekera chithandizo chaumoyo kwa akuluakulu ndi ana. Pamodzi amazindikira kuthekera konse kwa biomedicine kudzera mu kafukufuku wogwirizana, maphunziro ndi chisamaliro cha odwala kuchipatala. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, pitani ku med.stanford.edu.
Njira yatsopano yopangira nzeru ikuthandiza madokotala ndi anamwino ku Stanford Hospital kugwira ntchito limodzi kuti akonze chisamaliro cha odwala.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-19-2024