Mu Tennessee ndi maiko ena ambiri okonda zachikhalidwe mdzikolo, malamulo atsopano otsutsana ndi chiphunzitso cha mtundu wovuta akukhudza zisankho zazing'ono koma zofunika zomwe aphunzitsi amapanga tsiku lililonse.
Lembetsani ku nkhani zaulere za tsiku ndi tsiku za Chalkbeat Tennessee kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza masukulu a Memphis-Shelby County ndi mfundo zamaphunziro a boma.
Bungwe lalikulu kwambiri la aphunzitsi ku Tennessee lagwirizana ndi aphunzitsi asanu a m'masukulu aboma pamlandu wotsutsana ndi lamulo la boma la zaka ziwiri lomwe limaletsa zomwe angaphunzitse zokhudza mtundu, jenda komanso tsankho m'makalasi.
Mlandu wawo, womwe unaperekedwa Lachiwiri usiku ku khoti la federal ku Nashville ndi maloya a Tennessee Education Association, ukunena kuti mawu a lamulo la 2021 ndi osamveka bwino komanso osagwirizana ndi malamulo ndipo dongosolo la boma lokhazikitsa malamulo ndi lochokera kwa anthu ena.
Madandaulowo akunenanso kuti malamulo otchedwa "malingaliro oletsedwa" a ku Tennessee amasokoneza kuphunzitsa mitu yovuta koma yofunika yomwe ili mu miyezo yamaphunziro ya boma. Miyezo iyi imafotokoza zolinga zophunzirira zovomerezeka ndi boma zomwe zimatsogolera maphunziro ena ndi zisankho zoyesa.
Mlanduwu ndi mlandu woyamba wotsutsana ndi lamulo la boma lomwe ndi lotsutsana, loyamba la mtundu wake mdziko lonse. Lamuloli linaperekedwa pakati pa anthu okonda kusintha malamulo omwe America ikuchita motsutsana ndi tsankho la anthu ku America pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa George Floyd mu 2020 ndi apolisi oyera ku Minneapolis komanso ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi tsankho zomwe zinatsatira.
Woyimira boma wa Oak Ridge, John Ragan, m'modzi mwa othandizira lamuloli la Republican, adati lamuloli likufunika kuteteza ophunzira a K-12 ku zomwe iye ndi opanga malamulo ena amaona kuti ndi malingaliro osokeretsa komanso ogawanitsa anthu pankhani yogonana, monga chiphunzitso chotsutsa tsankho. . Kafukufuku wa aphunzitsi akuwonetsa kuti maziko a maphunziro awa saphunzitsidwa m'masukulu a K-12, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maphunziro apamwamba kuti afufuze momwe ndale ndi malamulo zimathandizira tsankho m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Tennessee yomwe ikulamulidwa ndi a Republican idavomereza lamuloli kwambiri m'masiku omaliza a msonkhano wa 2021, masiku angapo pambuyo poti laperekedwa. Bwanamkubwa Bill Lee adasaina mwachangu kuti likhale lamulo, ndipo chaka chomwecho Dipatimenti Yoona za Maphunziro ya boma idalemba malamulo oti ligwiritsidwe ntchito. Ngati kuphwanya malamulo kungapezeke, aphunzitsi angataye ziphaso zawo ndipo masukulu akhoza kutaya ndalama za boma.
M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, lamuloli linkagwira ntchito, ndi madandaulo ochepa okha komanso palibe chindapusa. Koma Ragan wakhazikitsa lamulo latsopano lomwe likukulitsa gulu la anthu omwe angathe kupereka madandaulo.
Madandaulo akuti lamulo silipatsa aphunzitsi a ku Tennessee mwayi wokwanira wophunzirira machitidwe ndi kuphunzitsa komwe kuli koletsedwa.
“Aphunzitsi ali m’dera lovuta kwambiri kumene sitikudziwa zomwe tingachite kapena zomwe sitingathe kuchita kapena kunena m’kalasi,” anatero Katherine Vaughn, mphunzitsi wakale wochokera ku Tipton County pafupi ndi Memphis komanso m’modzi mwa aphunzitsi asanu omwe adadandaula.” Pankhaniyi.
"Kukhazikitsa lamulo — kuyambira utsogoleri mpaka maphunziro — sikulipo konse," adatero Vaughn. "Izi zikuika aphunzitsi pamavuto."
Mlanduwu umanenanso kuti lamuloli limalimbikitsa kukakamiza anthu kuti azichita zinthu mopanda tsankho komanso mopanda tsankho ndipo likuphwanya lamulo la Fourteenth Amendment ku US Constitution, lomwe limaletsa boma lililonse "kulanda munthu aliyense moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu popanda lamulo."
"Lamulo likufunika kumveka bwino," anatero Tanya Coates, purezidenti wa TEA, gulu la aphunzitsi lomwe likutsogolera mlanduwu.
Iye anati aphunzitsi amathera "maola ambiri" akuyesera kumvetsetsa mfundo 14 zomwe siziloledwa m'kalasi, kuphatikizapo kuti America "ndi ya tsankho kapena yosankhana mitundu"; "kutenga udindo" pa zomwe anthu ena a fuko limodzi kapena amuna kapena akazi anzawo adachita kale chifukwa cha fuko lawo kapena amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Kusamveka bwino kwa mawu amenewa kwakhudza masukulu, kuyambira momwe aphunzitsi amayankhira mafunso a ophunzira mpaka nkhani zomwe amawerenga mkalasi, malinga ndi malipoti a TEA. Pofuna kupewa madandaulo omwe amawononga nthawi komanso chiopsezo cha chindapusa kuchokera ku boma, atsogoleri a masukulu asintha maphunziro ndi zochitika za kusukulu. Koma pamapeto pake, Coats akuti ndi ophunzira omwe amavutika.
"Lamuloli likulepheretsa ntchito ya aphunzitsi ku Tennessee popatsa ophunzira maphunziro okwanira komanso ozikidwa pa umboni," Coates adatero mu lipoti la atolankhani.
Mlandu wa masamba 52 umapereka zitsanzo zenizeni za momwe chiletsochi chimakhudzira zomwe ophunzira pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni akusukulu za boma ku Tennessee amaphunzira ndipo saphunzira tsiku lililonse.
"Mwachitsanzo, ku Tipton County, sukulu yasintha ulendo wake wapachaka wopita ku National Civil Rights Museum ku Memphis kukaonera masewera a baseball. Ku Shelby County, mphunzitsi wa kwaya yemwe waphunzitsa ophunzira kwa zaka zambiri kuimba ndikumvetsetsa nkhani yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa nyimbo zomwe amaimba adzaonedwa ngati akapolo." kugawanika "kapena kuphwanya lamulo loletsa," mlanduwo ukutero. Madera ena a masukulu achotsa mabuku mu maphunziro awo chifukwa cha lamulo.
Ofesi ya Bwanamkubwa nthawi zambiri siipereka ndemanga pa milandu yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa, koma wolankhulira Lee Jed Byers adapereka chikalata Lachitatu chokhudza mlanduwu: "Bwanamkubwa adasaina lamuloli chifukwa kholo lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi udindo pa maphunziro a mwana wawo. Khalani oona mtima, ophunzira aku Tennessee. Mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa kutengera zenizeni osati ndemanga zandale zogawanitsa anthu."
Tennessee inali imodzi mwa mayiko oyamba kupereka malamulo oletsa kuzama kwa zokambirana za m'kalasi za mfundo monga kusalingana ndi ufulu woyera.
Mu Marichi, Dipatimenti Yoona za Maphunziro ku Tennessee inanena kuti madandaulo ochepa adaperekedwa ku masukulu am'deralo monga momwe lamulo limafunira. Bungweli lidalandira madandaulo ochepa okha otsutsana ndi zisankho zakomweko.
Limodzi linali lochokera kwa kholo la wophunzira wa pasukulu yachinsinsi ku Davidson County. Popeza lamuloli siligwira ntchito m'masukulu achinsinsi, dipatimentiyi yatsimikiza kuti makolo alibe ufulu wochita apilo motsatira lamuloli.
Madandaulo ena adaperekedwa ndi kholo la ku Blount County pankhani ya Wings of the Dragon, buku lomwe linafotokozedwa kuchokera ku maganizo a mnyamata wochokera ku China yemwe anali mlendo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Boma linakana apiloyo potengera zomwe linapeza.
Komabe, masukulu a ku Blount County adachotsabe bukuli mu maphunziro a giredi sikisi. Mlanduwu ukufotokoza kuwonongeka kwa malingaliro komwe mlanduwu udabweretsa kwa mphunzitsi wakale wazaka 45 yemwe "adachita manyazi ndi milandu yautsogoleri ya miyezi ingapo chifukwa cha madandaulo a kholo limodzi okhudza buku la achinyamata lomwe lidapambana mphoto." Ntchito yake ya "In Danger" yavomerezedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Tennessee. maphunziro ndipo idavomerezedwa ndi bungwe la masukulu am'deralo ngati gawo la maphunziro a chigawo.
Dipatimentiyi inakananso kufufuza madandaulo omwe adaperekedwa ndi Williamson County, kum'mwera kwa Nashville, patangopita nthawi yochepa lamuloli litaperekedwa. Robin Steenman, purezidenti wa Freedom Moms, adati pulogalamu yophunzitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba ya Wit and Wisdom yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masukulu a Williamson County mu 2020-21 ili ndi "ndondomeko yokondera kwambiri" yomwe imapangitsa ana "kudana dziko lawo komanso kudana wina ndi mnzake" komanso ena.
Mneneri wina anati dipatimentiyi ili ndi chilolezo chofufuza zomwe zanenedwa kuyambira chaka cha sukulu cha 2021-22 ndipo inalimbikitsa Stillman kuti agwire ntchito ndi masukulu a Williamson County kuti athetse nkhawa zake.
Akuluakulu a dipatimentiyi sanayankhe nthawi yomweyo Lachitatu atafunsidwa ngati boma lalandira ma apilo ena m'miyezi yapitayi.
Malinga ndi mfundo za boma zomwe zilipo panopa, ophunzira, makolo, kapena antchito a sukulu ya boma kapena sukulu ya charter okha ndi omwe angalembe madandaulo okhudza sukulu yawo. Lamulo la Ragan, lomwe linathandizidwa ndi Senator Joey Hensley, Hornwald, limalola aliyense wokhala m'boma la sukuluyo kuti alembe madandaulo.
Koma otsutsa amanena kuti kusintha koteroko kungatsegule khomo kwa magulu osunga mwambo monga a Liberal Moms kuti adandaule ku mabungwe a masukulu am'deralo za kuphunzitsa, mabuku kapena zipangizo zomwe amakhulupirira kuti zimaphwanya lamulo, ngakhale zitakhala kuti sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi masukulu. Aphunzitsi kapena sukulu yovuta.
Lamulo la Prohibition Concept ndi losiyana ndi lamulo la Tennessee la 2022, lomwe, potengera apilo ochokera ku zisankho za bungwe la masukulu am'deralo, limapatsa mphamvu komiti ya boma kuletsa mabuku m'malaibulale a masukulu m'boma lonselo ngati akuona kuti "sikoyenera zaka za wophunzira kapena msinkhu wake."
Chidziwitso cha Mkonzi: Nkhaniyi yasinthidwa kuti ikhale ndi ndemanga yochokera ku ofesi ya Bwanamkubwa ndi m'modzi mwa omwe adadandaula.
Martha W. Aldrich is a senior reporter covering events at the Tennessee State Capitol. Please contact her at maldrich@chalkbeat.org.
Mukalembetsa, mukuvomereza Chikalata chathu Chachinsinsi, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito aku Europe akuvomereza Ndondomeko Yosamutsa Deta. Muthanso kulandira mauthenga kuchokera kwa othandizira nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mukalembetsa, mukuvomereza Chikalata chathu Chachinsinsi, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito aku Europe akuvomereza Ndondomeko Yosamutsa Deta. Muthanso kulandira mauthenga kuchokera kwa othandizira nthawi ndi nthawi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-28-2023