Kutchula mitundu ya kusankhana mitundu ndi kugonana kwa chisinthiko kunakalibe ndi sayansi, maphunziro, komanso chikhalidwe chotchuka.

Rui Dioga sagwira ntchito, amagawana nawo, kapena kulandira ndalama kuchokera ku kampani iliyonse kapena bungwe lomwe lingapindule ndi nkhaniyi, ndipo alibe chilichonse chofotokozerani ena ophunzira ena. Mayanjano ena ogwirizana.
Kusankhana mitundu mwazinthu zina komanso zogonana kwachitika chitukuko chiyambi cha ulimi wa ulimi, pomwe anthu adayamba kukhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Asayansi akumadzulo, monga Aristotle ku Greece wakale, adasandulika ndi chidwi ndi ma ethnoestrasm ndi zoyipa zomwe zimafooketsa magulu awo. Zaka zopitilira 2000 pambuyo pa ntchito ya Aristotle, Charles Charles a Charles Darwin adakulitsanso malingaliro omwe adawamva ndikuwerenga za ubwana wake.
Darwin adapereka tsankho Magulu ang'onoang'ono a Egalitariya. Kumaphunzitsidwabe m'masukulu ndi zakale zakale za m'mbiri masiku ano, adanena kuti zokongoletsera zonyansa komanso zoyipa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri sizinali bwino kwambiri monga nyama zina, ndipo sizikhala kuti zidasinthidwa kwambiri monga nyama zina , monga monga New Mon Workey Monkecia satana wa Satas.
Kubadwa kwa munthu kudasindikizidwa munthawi yovuta kwambiri ku European. Ku France, a Paris Bayist adapita kumisewu kuti akasunge kusintha kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo kuwonongedwa kwa olowa m'malo. Kutsatira Mfundo za Darwin komwe ku ukapolo wa osauka, omwe sanali azungu, ndipo azimayi anali obwera chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa chisinthiko. Wolemba mbiri yasayansi Japanet Brown alemba kuti Darwin's Meteoric Run Society Stama Society Anali Polemba Ake, osati kusankhana mitundu ndi zolemba zake zabodza.
Sikungopangana ndi mwayi woti Darwin adapatsidwa maliro aboma ku Westminster Abbey Abbey, Chizindikiro cha Mphamvu ya Britain ndikukondwerera pagulu la chilengedwe ndi chitukuko nthawi yayitali ku Victoria. "
Ngakhale kusintha kofunikira kwambiri pazaka 150 zapitazi, kugonana komanso kusankhana mitundu komanso kusankhana mitundu, ndi maphunziro. Monga pulofesa komanso wofufuza ku Howard Yunivesite, ndikufuna kuphatikiza minda yanga yophunzira-biology ndi anthropology-pofotokoza nkhani zowonjezera. Mu kafukufuku yemwe ndidafalitsidwa ndi mnzake Fama Jackson ndi ophunzira atatu a Howard, tikuwonetsa kuti chilankhulo chasayansi sichinthu chakale: zolembedwa, komanso zida zophunzirira.
Chitsanzo cha kukondera komweko kulipo m'gulu la sayansi zamasiku ano ndikuti nkhani zambiri za chilengedwe zimaganiza kuti anthu achipongwe, akale "okalamba". Mbiri yachilengedwe ya m'Bungwe, masamba, ndi malo a UNESCO amawonetsa izi.
Ngakhale mafotokozedwe awa sagwirizana ndi zowona zasayansi, izi sizingawalepheretse kupitiriza kufalikira. Masiku ano, pafupifupi 11% ya anthu "oyera," ie, European. Zithunzi zosonyeza kusintha kwa mzere mu khungu sizimawonetsa molondola mbiri ya chisinthiko cha anthu kapena mawonekedwe ambiri a anthu masiku ano. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe umboni wa asayansi pakhungu lokhazikika la khungu. Mtundu wopepuka khungu umapangidwa makamaka m'magulu ochepa omwe amasamukira kumadera omwe anali kunja kwa Africa, pamtunda wapamwamba kapena wotsika, monga North America, Europe, ndi Asia.
Okonda kugonanabebe a sukulu. Mwachitsanzo. Masamba a mtsikana. Nsanambitsa kale ndi wa mwana chifukwa cha buku la 2002 labwino kwambiri la paleoanthroropocist José Marége De Castrodez Deadro, m'modzi mwa olemba apepala. Zomwe zikuwuza ndikuti olemba a phunziroli adavomereza kuti palibe chifukwa cha sayansi chifukwa chodziwitsa zakale ngati wamwamuna. Iwo analemba kuti: 'Zinachitika mwa mwayi, "analemba moona mtima.
Koma kusankha kumeneku si "mwachindunji". Nkhani za chisinthiko cha anthu zinachita ndi amuna okhaokha. Nthawi zochepa pomwe azimayi akuwonetsedwa, nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati amayi operekera, ojambula a Cave, kapena chakudya chojambula, ngakhale kuti pali umboni wa chipembedzo chotere chakuti azimayi achichepere.
Chitsanzo china cha nkhani za akhoza ku sayansi ndi momwe ofufuza amalire ponena kuti "kudabwitsa" kwachitika chisinthiko cha akazi. Darwin adanenanso nkhani ya momwe azimayi adakhalira "manyazi" komanso osamvetseka, ngakhale adavomereza kuti anthu akazi awo, akazi amasankha. Afe ndi wopambana, adapeza kuti ndizovuta kuvomereza kuti azimayi amatha kutenga nawo mbali pakusankha kwa MAte, motero amakhulupirira kuti udindowu udasungidwa kuti akazi athe kumoyo wawo. Malinga ndi Darwin, amuna pambuyo pake adayamba kusankha akazi.
Wofalitsa milandu amati azimayi ndi "wamanyazi" komanso "kugonana pang'ono" Mwachitsanzo, azimayi amakhala ndi zotchuka kwambiri kuposa abambo, ndipo zotchinga zawo zili choncho, pafupifupi, zovuta kwambiri, zovuta kwambiri, komanso zolimba. Akazi samalandidwa mwachinsinsi, komabe zakukhosi zakugonana zimavomerezedwa kuti sayansi.
Zipangizo zophunzitsira, kuphatikizapo zolemba ndi anatomy maplause omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sayansi ndi ophunzira azachipatala, amatenga gawo lofunikira pakugawa malingaliro ogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo. Mwa awa, ambiri anali amuna akhungu owala, ndipo amawonetsa anthu awiri okha omwe ali ndi khungu "lakuda". Izi zimabweretsa lingaliro lowonetsera amuna oyera ngati matoma a mitundu ya anthu, kulephera kuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa anthu osiyanasiyana.
Olemba anzawo a ana a maphunziro amawutsanso nyumba za sayansi, zosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndi zolemba. Mwachitsanzo, chivundikiro cha buku la mtundu wa 2016 lotchedwa "chisinthiko cha zolengedwa zina" chikuwonetsa chisinthiko cha anthu "kuchokera ku zolengedwa" zakale zokhala ndi khungu lakuda ". Kugwirizana ndi ana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabukuwa kukhala asayansi, atolankhani, zolemba zakale, olemba, kapena olemba anzawo, kapena olemba.
Khalidwe lofunikira la kusankhana mitundu ndi kugonana ndikuti zimaperekedwa mosazindikira ndi anthu omwe nthawi zambiri samadziwa kuti zomwe akulemba ndi zisankhozi zimawakhumudwitsa. Asayansi amatha kuthana ndi tsankho la kubereka, kugonana, komanso miyambo ya kumadzulo mwa kukhala maso kwambiri ndikugwira ntchito pozindikiritsa ndikuwongolera izi pantchito yawo. Kulola nkhani zolondola kupitilizabe kufalikira mu sayansi, zamankhwala, maphunziro, ndi maanja samangolimbikitsa nkhani izi m'mibadwo yamtsogolo, komanso imabweretsa tsankho, kuponderezana, ndi nkhanza zomwe amalungamitsidwa m'mbuyomu.