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Mawu oyambira omwe adakwapulidwa (FC) amafunikira ophunzira kuti ayang'ane mitu yazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito polangizidwa asanakumane ndi nkhope. Cholinga ndichakuti chifukwa ophunzira amadziwa bwino nkhaniyi, amapeza zambiri pazomwe amachita. Fomuyi yawonetsedwa kuti ikuwonjezere kukhutira kwa ophunzira, maphunziro apamwamba, komanso kukula kwanzeru, komanso kutsogoleredwa ndi maphunziro apamwamba.
Njira. Nkhaniyi ikulongosola kusintha kwa madoko a mano am'mano ku UK denti ya nkhani zokhudzana ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi nkhani ya Ribrid.
Mayankho ovomerezeka ndi osavomerezeka omwe alandilidwa kuchokera kwa ophunzira omwe amasintha anali abwino kwambiri.
Nkhani yokambirana ndi chida chachikulu monga chida kwa amuna omwe ali mu zamaphunziro azachipatala, koma kuwerengera kokwanira ndikofunikira, makamaka kuyeza maphunziro apamwamba.
Sukulu ya mano ku UK yatengera njira yolumikizirana (FC) pophunzitsa zida ndi zoyenda.
Njira ya FC ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala maphunziro a FC
M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kutha kwa ukadatu, njira zambiri zatsopano zophunzitsira zomwe zafotokozedwa ndikuyesedwa. Njira ya amuna atsopano amatchedwa "kalasi yojambulidwa" (FC). Njira imeneyi imafuna ophunzira kuti adziwe zomwe mwaphunzirazo (nthawi zambiri zojambulidwa kale) zisanachitike, ndi cholinga chakuti ophunzira adziwa bwino nkhaniyi, amapeza zambiri kuchokera wophunzitsayo. nthawi. Fomuyi yawonetsedwa kuti apititse patsogolo maphunziro a wophunzira 4,5 Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yophunzitsira kumayembekezeredwera kuti mukwaniritse kukhutira ndi zida zamano ndi zida zamano komanso zobisala (Add & B) Sukulu ya UK. Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu ndikuwunika kukhutira ndi maphunziro ndi maphunziro anu komanso pambuyo posintha mu chiphunzitso cha peroretical monga momwe ophunzira amayeserera.
Njira ya FC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapakompyuta, kotero nkhani zimachotsedwa pa ndandanda ndikuyika pa intaneti pamaso pa aphunzitsi asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro. 6 Chiyambireni m'masukulu apamwamba a US, njira ya FC yafalikira kwambiri pamaphunziro apamwamba. 6 Njira ya FC yakhala ikutsimikizira kuti ipambana m'malo osiyanasiyana azachipatala 1,7 ndi umboni wa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kupambana kwake akutuluka mano. 3,4,8,8,8) Ngakhale zotsatira zambiri zabwino zanenedwa za kukhutitsidwa kwa ophunzira, 1,9 pali umboni woyambirira wogwirizanitsa. 4,10,11 Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa FC mogwirizana ndi maphunziro a anthu omwe a Fc adapeza kuti FC aphunzira mwa kuphunzira, 12 pomwe maphunziro ena mu madokotala amathandizanso maluso a anthu osauka Ophunzira. 13.14
Pali zovuta pakuphunzitsa mano ponena za masitaelo anayi omwe atchulidwa ofotokozedwa ndi uchi ndi mmumord 15 wouziridwa ndi ntchito ya Kolb. 16 Gomen 1 ikuwonetsa momwe maphunziro angaphunzitsidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosakanikirana ya FC
Kuphatikiza apo, kusinthasintha kumeneku kunayembekezeredwa kulimbikitsa mtima wapamwamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito bongo 17 ngati chimango, lectives pa intaneti kumapangidwa kuti apereke chidziwitso ndi maphunziro amapangidwa kuti afufuze ndikuyamba kumvetsetsana ndikusinthana pamaso pa manja ndi kusanthula. Njira yophunzirira ya Kol 18 ndi lingaliro lokhazikika lophunzirira logwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa mano, makamaka chifukwa ndi nkhani yothandiza. Chiphunzitsocho chimakhazikika pamalingaliro omwe ophunzira amaphunzira pochita. Pankhaniyi, zomwe zimachitika manja pakusakanikirana zimapatsa mphamvu zophunzitsira, zimawonjezera kumvetsetsa kwa ophunzira, komanso zimachulukitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mutuwo. Ophunzira amaperekedwa ndi mabuku amabuku omwe ali ndi manja kuti azithandizira kuphunzira, monga momwe chithunzi cha Kolb 18 (Chithunzi 1). Kuphatikiza apo, zokambirana pamaphunziro ophunzirira zovuta zawonjezeredwa pamwambowu. Anawonjezeredwa kuti akwaniritse kuphunzira ndikulimbikitsa ophunzira kukhala ophunzira odziyimira pawokha. 19
Kuphatikiza apo, njira ya hybrid iyi ikuyembekezeredwa kuti agogometsetse kusiyana pakati pa kuphunzitsa ndi kayendedwe ka maphunziro. Ophunzira masiku ano nthawi zambiri amakhala odzimana y. M'badwo uwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ukadaulo, amayankha kuti aphunzitse mafomu ophunzirira, komanso amathandizanso maphunziro, komanso njira zonse zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mwachangu, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu njira ya hybrid fc. 11
Tidalumikizana ndi komiti yowunikira ya sukulu ya seweroli kuti tidziwe ngati ndemanga yofunika kwambiri idafunikira. Chitsimikizo cholembedwa chinapezeka kuti phunziroli linali kuphunzira kuwerenga motero chifukwa chovomerezedwa sikofunikira sichinali chofunikira.
Kuwongolera njira yosinthira kwa FC, pamenepa adawerengedwa kuti ndizoyenera kuchita zazikulu kwambiri za Addibrillam yonse. Dongosolo lomwe likuchitika poyamba kapena lolemba nkhani 22 ndi phunziroli la maphunziro omwe ali ndi maphunziro omwe ali ndi maphunziro a maphunzirowo, pogawana nawo mitu yomwe ili ndi mutu wake. Mini-nkhani, yotchedwa "nkhani zake," adasinthidwa kuchokera ku maphunziro omwe adalembedwa kale ndikusungidwa monga ulaliki wa magetsi (Microsoft Cormission, Redmond, USA) yokhudzana ndi mutu uliwonse. Amakhala achidule, omwe amapangitsa kuti ophunzira azingoyang'ana komanso amachepetsa mwayi wotaya chidwi. Amakulolani kuti mupange maphunziro aukaramu kuti musinthe, monga mitu ina ikuphimba madera angapo. Mwachitsanzo, zida zodziwika bwino za mano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mano komanso zobwezeretsa, zomwe zimaphimbidwa m'magulu awiri osiyana. Kuyankhula chilichonse chophunzitsira nkhani zachikhalidwe chalembedwa monga podcast pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula makanema popeza izi zidapezeka kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri pa ponopo ku Seattle, USA23. Izi podcastas zikupezeka pa chilengedwe chophunzirira yunivesite (Vle). Maphunzirowa adzaonekera pakalendala ya wophunzira komanso nkhaniyo idzakhala mu Microsoft Inc. Forgepom mawonekedwe ndi ulalo wa podcast. Ophunzira amalimbikitsidwa kuti awone podcasts a ulaliki, kuwaloleza kuyankha mwanzeru kapena kulemba mafunso aliwonse omwe amakumbukira panthawiyo. Kutsatira kutulutsidwa kwa accle a Spectures ndi Podcasts, amafunikira makalasi ena owonjezera ndi magalimoto pazinthu zomwe zakonzedwa. Ophunzira amalangizidwa ndi wogwirizanitsa maphunziro omwe amafunika kuwunikiranso nkhani musanapite ku maphunziro ndi zothandiza kuti athe kupeza zomwe akwanitsa kuchita, ndipo izi zalembedwa pa maphunzirowa.
Phunziroli limasinthiratu nkhani za nthawi yanthawi yakale ndipo zimaperekedwa zisanachitike. Aphunzitsi othandiza pophunzitsa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zawo zophunzirira. Zimaperekanso mwayi wowunikira mfundo zazikulu, chidziwitso ndi kumvetsetsa, sinthani zokambirana zao Phunziro, ndikuwongolera mafunso. Kugwirizana kwamtunduwu kwa anzawo kwawonetsedwa polimbikitsa kumvetsetsa kwakukuru. 11 Gari 24 adazindikira kuti, mosiyana ndi chiphunzitso chophunzitsira zachikhalidwe chazokambirana mano, zokambirana zokhudzana ndi maphunziro zinathandiza ophunzira kulumikiza maphunziro kuti agwiritse ntchito matenda. Ophunzira ananenanso kuti adapeza chiphunzitso cholimbikitsidwa komanso chosangalatsa. Maupangiri owerengera nthawi zina amaphatikiza mafunso kudzera m'mayankho a Opbea (Ombea Ltd., London, UK). Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuyesa kwa mafunso a Qzies kuli ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zophunzira zophunzira kuwonjezera pa kumvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa pamaso pa mayeso25. 26
Monga nthawi zonse, kumapeto kwa semester iliyonse, ophunzira amapemphedwa kuti apereke ndemanga zovomerezeka kudzera ku States. Fananizani mayankho ovomerezeka ndi osavomerezeka musanasinthe.
Chifukwa cha ophunzira ochepa omwe ali pa luso lililonse la mano ku yunivesite ya Aberdeen ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amakhudzidwa ndikupereka ndemanga za adndi & b, sizotheka kuwerengera ndemanga za ophunzira mwachindunji. Chikalatachi chikuphatikizidwa kuti chisungidwe ndikuteteza kusadziwika.
Komabe, idawonedwa kuti ndemanga za ophunzira zidagwera m'magulu akuluakulu akuluakulu, makamaka: njira yophunzitsira, kuphunzitsa nthawi ndi kupezeka kwa zidziwitso ndi zomwe zili.
Ponena za njira zophunzitsira, kusintha kunasintha kwa ophunzira osakhutira kuposa okhutitsidwa. Kusintha, ophunzira omwe anena kuti anali okhutira kwambiri kuposa kusakhutitsidwa. Ndemanga zonse zokhudzana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yophunzitsidwa ndi zida zomveka zosakhutira. Izi zidachitika mobwerezabwereza m'mayankho a ophunzira kuti athe kupezeka kwa nkhaniyi. Zomwe zili zomwe zalembedwazo sizinasinthe kwambiri, ndipo ophunzira nthawi zonse ankakhala okhutira ndi zidziwitso zomwe zaperekedwa, koma monga zinasinthira, ophunzira ambiri adayankha zomwe zili.
Pambuyo posintha kukhala njira yophunzirira FC, ophunzira adapereka ndemanga kwambiri kudzera pa mawonekedwe a streaf kuposa kusintha.
Kuwunika kwa manambala sikunaphatikizidwe mu straf yoyambirira koma adayambitsidwa chaka cha 2019/20 poyesa kuyeserera kuvomerezedwa ndi kugwira ntchito. Course enjoyment and effectiveness of the learning format were rated on a four-point scale: strongly agree (SA), generally agree (GA), generally disagree (GD), and strongly disagree (SD). Monga tikuwonera pa zithunzi 2 ndi 3, ophunzira onse adapeza njira yosangalatsidwa komanso yogwira mtima, ndipo wophunzira m'modzi yekha ndi amene sanapeze njira yabwino yophunzirira.
Kupeza Umboni Wothandiza Kusintha Kwa Mapangidwe Abwino pamakhalidwe ndi kovuta chifukwa cha mitundu ndi masitaelo, motero akatswiri akatswiri amafunikira. 2 Komabe, pa chithandizo chonse cha amuna ndi umboni wobwera chifukwa cha luso la FC mu maphunziro azachipatala, njira imeneyi imawoneka yoyenera kwambiri pamaphunzirowa, monga momwe ophunzira akale anakhutira mogwirizana ndi zomwe zili. Wammwambamwamba kwambiri, koma kuphunzitsa ndizochepa kwambiri.
Kupambana kwa mtundu watsopano wa FC kunayesedwa ndi ndemanga yodziwika bwino komanso yofananira ndi kufanizira ndi ndemanga zomwe zalandiridwa pamtundu wapitawu. Monga momwe ophunzira ananenera kuti amakonda FC ya FC chifukwa amatha kulowa zinthu pa intaneti ngati pakufunika, panthawi yawo, ndipo amazigwiritsa ntchito. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pamalingaliro ndi malingaliro ovuta kwambiri pomwe ophunzira angafune kubwereza gawo mobwerezabwereza mpaka atamvetsetsa. Ophunzira ambiri anali kuchita nawo mokwanira ntchitoyo, ndipo iwo omwe analipo, otanthauzira, anali ndi nthawi yambiri yokonzekera phunzirolo. Nkhani ya Chega imatsimikizira izi. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zake zinawonetsa kuti ophunzira amafunika kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuphunzira komanso kuti maphunziro ophunzirira asanaphunzire nawo zisanachitike. Monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa, kuphatikiza kwa maphunziro ndi manja - pazinthu zomwe zimawonjezereka kwa ophunzira, zosangalatsa komanso kulumikizana.
Sukulu za ophunzira a Aberdeen ndi zatsopano komanso zatsopano. Panthawiyo, njira zambiri zidapangidwa kuti zipangidwidwe nthawi yomweyo, koma zidasinthidwa ndikusintha momwe zidagwiritsidwira ntchito kuli ndi cholinga. Umu ndi momwe zilili ndi zida zodziwikiratu. Fomu Yoyambirira Yopemphedwa Yomwe Amafunsira Pamaphunzirowa Apanso, lipoti loyambalo lidafunsidwa zambiri ndemanga, koma monga lipotilo likupita, mafunso enanso ambiri adafunsidwa za mphamvu, zofooka zake, ndi njira zonse zophunzitsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaphunziro. Mayankho oyenera pakukhazikitsa kwa njira ya FC ya FC yaphatikizidwa mu maphunziro ena. Izi zidayendetsedwa ndikuphatikizidwanso pazotsatira. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha phunziroli, chidziwitso cha manambala sichinatengedwe koyambirira pamenepa izi zikadapangitsa kuti muchepetse kusintha kapena kusintha kwina.
Monga m'mayunivesite ambiri mayunivesite a Aberdeen samakakamizidwa, ngakhale m'mapulogalamu oyendetsedwa ndi matupi akunja monga malingaliro ovomerezeka komanso kukakamiza maphunziro a mano ku UK. Maphunziro ena onse ndi ofunikira, kotero posintha mafotokozedwewa kupita ku Buku la Phunziroli, ophunzira adzakakamizidwa kutenga Iwo; Kupezeka kupezeka kumawonjezera kutenga nawo mbali, kugwirana ndi kuphunzira.
Zalembedwa m'mabuku omwe pali zovuta zomwe zingatheke ndi FC. Mtundu wa FC umaphatikizapo ophunzira akukonzekera asanakhale mkalasi, nthawi zambiri panthawi yawo. Zhung et al. Zinapezeka kuti njira ya FC siyabwino kwa ophunzira onse momwe zimafunikira chikhulupiriro komanso chilimbikitso chokwanira kumaliza kukonzekera. 27 Wina angayembekezere kuti akatswiri azaumoyo akhale olimbikitsidwa kwambiri, koma Patanwala et alh 28 sizinali choncho ophunzira a mankhwala adalephera kuwunikira zomwe ophunzira amalemba kale ndipo chifukwa chake anali osakonzekera kulembedwa. . Komabe, maphunzirowa adawona kuti ophunzira ambiri adakwatirana, adakonzekereratu, ndipo adapita kumaso ndi kumvetsetsa koyambirira kwa maphunzirowo. Olembawo akuti izi ndi chifukwa cha ophunzira omwe akuwongolera momveka bwino poyang'anira maphunziro ndi vle kuti muwone podcasts ndipo amawalimbikitsa kuti awone ngati njira yofunika kwambiri. Maphunziroyo ndi manja azichita nawonso amatenga nawo mbali komanso ochita nawo, ndipo aphunzitsi amayembekeza kutenga nawo mbali kwa ophunzira. Ophunzira amadziwa mwachangu kuti kusakonzekera kwawo ndikowonekera. Komabe, izi zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri ngati maphunziro onse amaphunzitsidwa motere, monga ophunzira angathane nayo ndipo sikhala ndi nthawi yotetezedwa yowunikira zomwe zaphunzitsidwa. Zinthu zokondweretsa izi ziyenera kumangidwa mu ndandanda ya wophunzira.
Kukula ndikukhazikitsa malingaliro a FC mu chiphunzitso cha maphunziro apamwamba, zovuta zingapo ziyenera kugonjetsedwa. Mwachidziwikire, kujambula podcast kumafuna nthawi yambiri yokonzekera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphunzira mapulogalamu ndikupanga maluso osinthira kumatenga nthawi yambiri.
Opezera ophunzira amathetsa vuto lakukulitsa nthawi yolumikizana ndi aphunzitsi okakamizidwa nthawi ndi aphunzitsi okakamiza ndikupangitsa kufufuza kwatsopano kophunzitsa. Zochitika zimachitika mwamphamvu kwambiri, kupangitsa kuti malo ophunzirira azikhala oyenera kwa onse ogwira ntchito ndi ophunzira, ndikusintha kaonedwe kake kamene kamene kamapangidwe ka mano ndi mutu "wowuma". Ogwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya Aberdeen Deno de mano adagwiritsa ntchito njira ya FC mwanjira zonse mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, koma sizinachitikepo kanthu pophunzitsa maphunziro.
Monga njira zina zoperekera magawo, mavuto amabwera ngati wotsogolera wamkulu alibe malire osagawanika chifukwa chake osatha kuphunzitsa magawo, monga otsogolera amathandizira pakuchita bwino kwa FC. Kudziwana kwa maphunziro kumayenera kukhala pamlingo wokwanira kulola zokambirana kuti zipite kumbali iliyonse komanso ndiyabwino kwambiri, ndipo kuti ophunzira awone phindu lakukonzekera ndi kutenga nawo mbali. Ophunzira ali ndi udindo wophunzirira, koma alangizi amayenera kuyankha ndikusintha.
Zipangizo zophunzitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane zophunzitsidwa zakonzedwa pasadakhale, maphunziro amatanthauzo ali okonzeka kuphunzitsidwa nthawi iliyonse. Panthawi yolemba, pa nthawi ya covid-19, njirayi imalola maphunziro kuti apulumutsidwe pa intaneti ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito azigwira ntchito kunyumba, monga chimango chophunzitsira cha kale. Chifukwa chake, ophunzira adawona kuti kuphunzira kwenikweni sikunasokonezedwe ngati maphunziro apa pa intaneti kunaperekedwa ngati njira yovomerezeka yolumikizira nkhope. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthuzi zilipo kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma cohort amtsogolo. Zipangizozi zikufunikabe kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, koma nthawi yophunzitsayo idzapulumutsidwa, ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pamtengo woyambirira wa nthawi.
Kusintha kuchokera ku maphunziro a nthano zopepuka kwa FC ku FC kunayambitsa mayankho ogwira mtima kuchokera kwa ophunzira, mwamwayi komanso mwamwayi. Izi ndizogwirizana ndi zotsatira zina zomwe zidasindikizidwa kale. Kafukufuku winanso ndi wofunikira kuti muwone ngati kuwunika kwanzeru kumatha kusintha mwa kukhala ndi njira ya FC.
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Post Nthawi: Nov-04-2024