Ofufuza a Howard: Malingaliro a tsankho ndi kusankhana mitundu pankhani ya kusintha kwa anthu akadali ofala kwambiri mu sayansi, zamankhwala ndi maphunziro

WASHINGTON – Nkhani yofufuza yodziwika bwino yofalitsidwa ndi Howard University School of Medicine ndi Department of Biology ikufotokoza momwe zithunzi za kusintha kwa anthu zokhudzana ndi tsankho komanso kusankhana mitundu zikufalikirabe m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachikhalidwe m'manyuzipepala otchuka, maphunziro ndi sayansi.
Gulu la kafukufuku la Howard lofufuza m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana linatsogoleredwa ndi Rui Diogo, Ph.D., Pulofesa Wothandizira wa Zamankhwala, ndi Fatima Jackson, Ph.D., Pulofesa wa Zamoyo, ndipo linaphatikizapo ophunzira atatu azachipatala: Adeyemi Adesomo, Kimberley, S. Farmer ndi Rachel J. Kim. Nkhani yakuti “Osati Zakale Zokha: Tsankho la Tsankho ndi la Amuna Kapena Akazi Likupitirirabe Kufalikira mu Zamoyo, Anthropology, Mankhwala, ndi Maphunziro” inatuluka mu magazini yaposachedwa ya magazini yotchuka ya sayansi ya Evolutionary Anthropology.
“Ngakhale kuti nkhani zambiri zokhudza nkhaniyi ndi zongopeka chabe, nkhani yathu ikupereka umboni womveka bwino wa momwe tsankho la anthu ndi kusankhana mitundu zimaonekera,” anatero Diogo, wolemba nkhani wamkulu wa magaziniyi. “Sitikungokhala m’chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino, komanso m’nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi m’mabuku ophunzirira, tikupitiriza kuona kufotokozera za kusintha kwa anthu ngati njira yolunjika kuyambira anthu akhungu lakuda, omwe amati ndi ‘osakalamba’ kupita kwa anthu akhungu loyera, ‘otukuka’ omwe awonetsedwa m’nkhaniyi.”
Malinga ndi Jackson, kufotokozera kosalekeza komanso kolakwika kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi kusintha kwa zinthu m'mabuku asayansi kumasokoneza lingaliro lenileni la kusinthasintha kwa zamoyo za anthu.
Iye anapitiriza kuti: “Zolakwika zimenezi zakhala zikudziwika kwa nthawi ndithu tsopano, ndipo mfundo yakuti zikupitirirabe kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo ikusonyeza kuti tsankho ndi kusankhana mitundu zitha kukhala ndi maudindo ena m'dera lathu - 'azungu', ulamuliro wa amuna komanso kuchotsedwa kwa 'ena'.
Mwachitsanzo, nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa zithunzi za mafupa a anthu olembedwa ndi katswiri wotchuka wa mbiri yakale John Gurch, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ku Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History ku Washington, DC. Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, chithunzichi chikusonyeza "kupita patsogolo" kwa kusintha kwa anthu kuchokera ku mtundu wakuda wa khungu kupita ku mtundu wopepuka wa khungu. Pepalalo likuwonetsa kuti chithunzichi sicholondola, ponena kuti pafupifupi 14 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi moyo masiku ano ndi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "oyera." Ofufuzawo akuwonetsanso kuti lingaliro lenileni la mtundu ndi gawo la nkhani ina yolakwika, chifukwa mtundu sulipo m'zamoyo zamtundu wathu.
"Zithunzizi sizimangochepetsa kusinthasintha kwa kusintha kwa zinthu, komanso mbiri yathu yaposachedwa ya kusintha kwa zinthu," anatero Kimberly Farmer, wophunzira wa chaka chachitatu wa zachipatala, yemwenso ndi mlembi mnzake wa pepalali.
Olemba nkhaniyi adaphunzira mosamala mafotokozedwe a chisinthiko: zithunzi kuchokera m'nkhani zasayansi, nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zakale, makanema ndi mapulogalamu apa TV, mabuku azachipatala komanso ngakhale zida zophunzitsira zomwe zawonedwa ndi ana mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pepalali likunena kuti tsankho la anthu komanso kusankhana mitundu kwakhalapo kuyambira masiku oyambirira a chitukuko cha anthu ndipo sizili m'maiko akumadzulo okha.
Yunivesite ya Howard, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1867, ndi yunivesite yofufuza payekha yokhala ndi makoleji ndi masukulu 14. Ophunzira amaphunzira m'mapulogalamu opitilira 140 a digiri yoyamba, omaliza maphunziro, ndi akatswiri. Pofuna kuchita bwino kwambiri pa choonadi ndi utumiki, yunivesiteyi yapanga Akatswiri awiri a Schwartzman, Akatswiri anayi a Marshall, Akatswiri anayi a Rhodes, Akatswiri 12 a Truman, Akatswiri 25 a Pickering, ndi Mphotho zoposa 165 za Fulbright. Howard wapanganso ma PhD ambiri aku Africa-America pasukulupo. Olandira ambiri kuposa yunivesite ina iliyonse ku US. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Yunivesite ya Howard, pitani ku www.howard.edu.
Gulu lathu lolankhulana ndi anthu lingakuthandizeni kulumikizana ndi akatswiri a zamaphunziro ndikuyankha mafunso okhudza nkhani ndi zochitika za Howard University.