Ukadaulo wa Augmented Real (AR) watsimikizira kuti ndiwothandiza powonetsa zidziwitso ndikupereka zinthu za 3D.Ngakhale ophunzira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a AR kudzera pazida zam'manja, zitsanzo zapulasitiki kapena zithunzi za 2D zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe atatu a mano, ophunzira osema mano amakumana ndi zovuta chifukwa chosowa zida zomwe zimapereka chitsogozo chokhazikika.Mu phunziro ili, tinapanga AR-based Dental Carving Training Chida (AR-TCPT) ndikuchifanizitsa ndi chitsanzo cha pulasitiki kuti tiwone momwe angathere ngati chida chogwiritsira ntchito komanso chidziwitso ndi ntchito yake.
Kuyerekeza kudula mano, ife sequentially analenga 3D chinthu chomwe chinaphatikizapo maxillary canine ndi maxillary woyamba premolar (sitepe 16), mandibular choyamba premolar (sitepe 13), ndi mandibular woyamba molar (sitepe 14).Zolemba zazithunzi zomwe zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Photoshop zidaperekedwa kwa dzino lililonse.Adapanga pulogalamu yam'manja yochokera ku AR pogwiritsa ntchito injini ya Unity.Kwa kujambula kwa mano, otenga nawo mbali a 52 adatumizidwa mwachisawawa ku gulu lolamulira (n = 26; pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zamano apulasitiki) kapena gulu loyesera (n = 26; pogwiritsa ntchito AR-TCPT).Mafunso azinthu 22 adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika zomwe akudziwa.Kusanthula koyerekeza kwa data kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Mann-Whitney U a nonparametric kudzera mu pulogalamu ya SPSS.
AR-TCPT imagwiritsa ntchito kamera ya foni yam'manja kuti izindikire zolembera ndikuwonetsa zinthu za 3D za tizidutswa ta mano.Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi kuti awonenso gawo lililonse kapena kuphunzira mawonekedwe a dzino.Zotsatira za kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito zidawonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi gulu lowongolera lomwe likugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya pulasitiki, gulu loyesera la AR-TCPT lidachita bwino kwambiri pakujambula mano.
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya pulasitiki yachikhalidwe, AR-TCPT imapereka chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito posema mano.Chidachi ndi chosavuta kupeza chifukwa chapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pazida zam'manja.Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti adziwe momwe AR-TCTP imakhudzira maphunziro pa kuchuluka kwa mano ojambulidwa komanso luso lazosema la wogwiritsa ntchito.
Mano morphology ndi zochitika zothandiza ndi mbali yofunika ya maphunziro mano.Maphunzirowa amapereka chitsogozo chamalingaliro ndi othandiza pa morphology, ntchito ndi kusefa mwachindunji kwa mapangidwe a mano [1, 2].Njira yophunzitsira yachikhalidwe ndiyo kuphunzira mwaukadaulo kenako ndikusema mano motengera mfundo zomwe mwaphunzira.Ophunzira amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zamitundu iwiri (2D) zamano ndi zitsanzo zapulasitiki kuti azisema mano pa sera kapena pulasitala [3,4,5].Kumvetsetsa morphology ya mano ndikofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso komanso kupanga kukonzanso mano m'machitidwe azachipatala.Ubale wolondola pakati pa otsutsa ndi mano oyandikira, monga momwe akuwonetsedwera ndi mawonekedwe awo, ndikofunikira kuti ukhalebe wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika [6, 7].Ngakhale maphunziro mano angathandize ophunzira kumvetsa bwino morphology mano, iwo amakumanabe mavuto mu ndondomeko kudula kugwirizana ndi miyambo.
Atsopano ku machitidwe a mano a mano akukumana ndi vuto la kutanthauzira ndi kutulutsa zithunzi za 2D mu miyeso itatu (3D) [8,9,10].Maonekedwe a mano nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi zojambula ziwiri-dimensional kapena zithunzi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti pakhale zovuta kuwonetsera maonekedwe a mano.Kuphatikiza apo, kufunikira kopanga mano mwachangu m'malo ochepa komanso nthawi yochepa, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za 2D, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ophunzira athe kulingalira ndikuwona mawonekedwe a 3D [11].Ngakhale zitsanzo zamano apulasitiki (omwe atha kufotokozedwa ngati omalizidwa pang'ono kapena omaliza) amathandizira pakuphunzitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumakhala kochepa chifukwa zitsanzo zamapulasitiki zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwatu ndikuchepetsa mwayi woyeserera kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira[4].Kuonjezera apo, zitsanzo zolimbitsa thupizi ndi za bungwe la maphunziro ndipo sizingakhale za wophunzira aliyense payekha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azilemera kwambiri panthawi yophunzitsidwa.Ophunzitsa nthawi zambiri amalangiza ophunzira ambiri panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo nthawi zambiri amadalira njira zachikhalidwe, zomwe zingayambitse kudikira kwanthawi yayitali kuti aphunzitsi ayankhe pazigawo zapakatikati zosema [12].Choncho, pakufunika kalozera wosema kuti atsogolere mchitidwe wosema mano komanso kuchepetsa malire omwe amaperekedwa ndi zitsanzo zapulasitiki.
Tekinoloje ya Augmented Real (AR) yatuluka ngati chida chothandizira pakuwongolera maphunziro.Pokundika zambiri za digito pazochitika zenizeni, ukadaulo wa AR ukhoza kupatsa ophunzira mwayi wolumikizana komanso wozama [13].Garzón [14] adatengera zaka 25 zakubadwa ndi mibadwo itatu yoyambirira yamagulu a maphunziro a AR ndipo adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zida zam'manja zotsika mtengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito (kudzera pazida zam'manja ndi mapulogalamu) m'badwo wachiwiri wa AR kwathandizira kwambiri kupeza maphunziro. makhalidwe..Akapangidwa ndikuyika, mapulogalamu am'manja amalola kamera kuzindikira ndikuwonetsa zambiri zazinthu zozindikirika, potero zimakulitsa luso la wogwiritsa ntchito [15, 16].Ukadaulo wa AR umagwira ntchito pozindikira msanga kachidindo kapena tagi yachithunzi kuchokera pa kamera ya foni yam'manja, kuwonetsa zambiri za 3D zikadziwika [17].Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zam'manja kapena zolembera zithunzi, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwona ndikumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a 3D mosavuta komanso mwachilengedwe [18].Pakuwunika kwa Akçayır ndi Akçayır [19], AR idapezeka kuti ikuwonjezera "zosangalatsa" ndikupambana "kukulitsa gawo la kuphunzira."Komabe, chifukwa cha zovuta za data, ukadaulo ukhoza kukhala "wovuta kuti ophunzira agwiritse ntchito" ndikupangitsa "kuchulukirachulukira kwachidziwitso," zomwe zimafuna malangizo owonjezera [19, 20, 21].Chifukwa chake, zoyeserera ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zithandizire kukulitsa phindu la maphunziro a AR powonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kuchulukira kwa ntchito.Zinthuzi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa AR kupanga zida zophunzitsira zopangira mano.
Kuti atsogolere bwino ophunzira pakusema mano pogwiritsa ntchito malo a AR, njira yopitilira iyenera kutsatiridwa.Njirayi ingathandize kuchepetsa kusinthasintha ndikulimbikitsa kupeza luso [22].Oyamba osema amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo potsatira njira ya digito yosema pang'onopang'ono [23].Ndipotu, njira yophunzitsira pang'onopang'ono yasonyezedwa kuti ndi yothandiza podziwa luso lojambula mu nthawi yochepa ndikuchepetsa zolakwika pamapangidwe omaliza a kubwezeretsa [24].Pankhani yobwezeretsa mano, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zojambulira pamwamba pa mano ndi njira yabwino yothandizira ophunzira kukulitsa luso lawo [25].Kafukufukuyu anali ndi cholinga chopanga chida cha AR-based Dental Carving Practice (AR-TCPT) choyenera pazida zam'manja ndikuwunika momwe amagwiritsira ntchito.Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adayerekeza zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito a AR-TCPT adakumana nazo ndi mitundu yachikhalidwe ya utomoni wamano kuti awunikire kuthekera kwa AR-TCPT ngati chida chothandiza.
AR-TCPT idapangidwira zida zam'manja zogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa AR.Chida ichi chapangidwa kuti chipange zitsanzo za 3D zamtundu wa maxillary canines, maxillary first premolars, mandibular first premolars, ndi mandibular first molars.Kutengera koyambirira kwa 3D kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito 3D Studio Max (2019, Autodesk Inc., USA), ndipo kutengera komaliza kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Zbrush 3D software (2019, Pixologic Inc., USA).Kuyika chizindikiro pazithunzi kunkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Photoshop (Adobe Master Collection CC 2019, Adobe Inc., USA), yopangidwira kuzindikira kokhazikika ndi makamera am'manja, mu injini ya Vuforia (PTC Inc., USA; http:///developer.vuforia. com)).Ntchito ya AR imayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito injini ya Unity (March 12, 2019, Unity Technologies, USA) ndipo kenako imayikidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa pa foni yam'manja.Kuti muwone momwe AR-TCPT imagwirira ntchito ngati chida chojambula mano, otenga nawo mbali adasankhidwa mwachisawawa kuchokera ku kalasi ya meno ya 2023 kuti apange gulu lowongolera ndi gulu loyesera.Ophunzira mu gulu loyesera adagwiritsa ntchito AR-TCPT, ndipo gulu lolamulira linagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zapulasitiki kuchokera ku Tooth Carving Step Model Kit (Nissin Dental Co., Japan).Mukamaliza ntchito yodula mano, chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito pa chida chilichonse chidafufuzidwa ndikufanizidwa.Kuyenda kwa mapangidwe a phunziroli kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Phunziroli linachitidwa ndi chilolezo cha Institutional Review Board ya South Seoul National University (nambala ya IRB: NSU-202210-003).
Kujambula kwa 3D kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsera mosasinthasintha mawonekedwe a morphological of the protruding and concave of the mesial, distal, buccal, lingual and occlusal surface of mano pakupanga.The maxillary canine ndi maxillary oyambirira mano premolar anali chitsanzo monga mlingo 16, mandibular woyamba premolar monga mlingo 13, ndi mandibular woyamba molar monga mlingo 14. Chitsanzo choyambirira chimasonyeza mbali zofunika kuchotsedwa ndi kusungidwa mu dongosolo la mafilimu mano , monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera.2. Njira yomaliza yachitsanzo ya dzino ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3. Muchitsanzo chomaliza, zojambula, zitunda ndi grooves zimalongosola dongosolo lachisoni la dzino, ndipo chidziwitso cha fano chimaphatikizidwa kuti chitsogolere zojambulajambula ndikuwonetsa mapangidwe omwe amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.Kumayambiriro kwa siteji yosema, malo aliwonse amalembedwa kuti asonyeze mbali yake, ndipo phula la sera limakhala ndi mizere yolimba yosonyeza mbali zomwe zikufunika kuchotsedwa.Malo a mesial ndi distal a dzino amalembedwa ndi madontho ofiira kuti asonyeze malo okhudzana ndi dzino omwe adzakhalabe ngati mawonedwe ndipo sangachotsedwe panthawi yodula.Pamalo obisika, timadontho tofiira timaika chizindikiro chilichonse kuti chasungidwa, ndipo mivi yofiira imasonyeza kumene kumenyedwerako podula chipikacho.Mawonekedwe a 3D a magawo osungidwa ndi ochotsedwa amalola kutsimikizika kwa morphology ya magawo omwe achotsedwa pamasitepe otsatirawa osema chipika.
Pangani zoyeserera zoyambira za zinthu za 3D munjira yosema pang'onopang'ono.a: Mesial pamwamba pa maxillary woyamba premolar;b: Pang'ono wapamwamba komanso mesial labial pamalo a maxillary woyamba premolar;c: Mesial pamwamba pa maxillary woyamba molar;d: Pang'ono maxillary pamwamba pa maxillary woyamba molar ndi mesiobuccal pamwamba.pamwamba.B - fupa;Labial phokoso;M - mawu apakati.
Zinthu zitatu-dimensional (3D) zimayimira njira yodulira mano pang'onopang'ono.Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chinthu chomalizidwa cha 3D pambuyo pa maxillary first molar modelling process, kuwonetsa tsatanetsatane ndi mawonekedwe a sitepe iliyonse yotsatira.Deta yachiwiri yachitsanzo ya 3D imaphatikizapo chinthu chomaliza cha 3D chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa mu foni yam'manja.Mizere yokhala ndi madontho imayimira zigawo zogawanika za dzino, ndipo zigawo zolekanitsidwa zimayimira zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa gawo lomwe lili ndi mzere wolimba lisanaphatikizidwe.Muvi wofiyira wa 3D ukuwonetsa njira yodulira dzino, bwalo lofiira pamtunda wakutali likuwonetsa malo olumikizana ndi dzino, ndipo silinda yofiyira pa occlusal pamwamba ikuwonetsa kukomoka kwa dzino.a: mizere ya madontho, mizere yolimba, zozungulira zofiira pamtunda wakutali ndi masitepe osonyeza chipika cha sera chomwe chimachotsedwa.b: Pafupifupi kutha kwa mapangidwe a molar woyamba wa nsagwada zapamwamba.c: Mawonedwe atsatanetsatane a maxillary first molar, muvi wofiyira umawonetsa komwe ulusi wa dzino ndi spacer, red cylindrical cusp, mzere wolimba umasonyeza gawo lomwe liyenera kudulidwa pamwamba pa occlusal.d: Malizitsani maxillary woyamba molar.
Kuti atsogolere chizindikiritso cha masitepe motsatizana kusema ntchito foni yam'manja, zolembera zinayi fano anakonzekera mandibular woyamba molar, mandibular choyamba premolar, maxillary woyamba molala, ndi maxillary canine.Zolemba pazithunzi zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a Photoshop (2020, Adobe Co., Ltd., San Jose, CA) ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zozungulira komanso mawonekedwe akumbuyo akumbuyo kuti asiyanitse dzino lililonse, monga momwe zikusonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 4. Pangani zolembera zazithunzi zapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito injini ya Vuforia (pulogalamu yopanga chizindikiro cha AR), ndikupanga ndikusunga zolembera zazithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito injini ya Unity mutalandira chizindikiritso cha nyenyezi zisanu pamtundu umodzi wa chithunzi.Mtundu wa dzino la 3D umalumikizidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zolembera zazithunzi, ndipo malo ake ndi kukula kwake zimatsimikiziridwa potengera zolembera.Imagwiritsa ntchito injini ya Unity ndi mapulogalamu a Android omwe amatha kukhazikitsidwa pazida zam'manja.
Chizindikiro chazithunzi.Zithunzizi zikuwonetsa zolembera zazithunzi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu, zomwe kamera ya foni yam'manja idazindikira ndi mtundu wa dzino (nambala pabwalo lililonse).a: woyamba molar wa mandible;b: woyamba premolar wa mandible;c: maxillary woyamba molar;d: maxillary canine.
Ophunzira adatengedwa kuchokera m'kalasi lothandizira la chaka choyamba la morphology ya mano a Dipatimenti ya Dental Hygiene, Seong University, Gyeonggi-do.Omwe angathe kutenga nawo mbali adadziwitsidwa zotsatirazi: (1) Kutenga nawo mbali ndikudzifunira ndipo sikuphatikiza malipiro aliwonse a zachuma kapena maphunziro;(2) Gulu lolamulira lidzagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zapulasitiki, ndipo gulu loyesera lidzagwiritsa ntchito mafoni a AR;(3) kuyesera kutha milungu itatu ndikuphatikiza mano atatu;(4) Ogwiritsa ntchito a Android adzalandira ulalo woyikira pulogalamuyi, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito a iOS alandila chipangizo cha Android chomwe AR-TCPT idayikidwa;(5) AR-TCTP idzagwira ntchito mofanana pa machitidwe onse awiri;(6) Mwachisawawa perekani gulu lolamulira ndi gulu loyesera;(7) Kusema mano kudzachitidwa m’ma laboratories osiyanasiyana;(8) Pambuyo poyesera, maphunziro a 22 adzachitidwa;(9) Gulu lolamulira lingagwiritse ntchito AR-TCPT pambuyo poyesera.Okwana 52 adadzipereka, ndipo fomu yololeza pa intaneti idapezedwa kuchokera kwa aliyense.Kuwongolera (n = 26) ndi magulu oyesera (n = 26) adaperekedwa mwachisawawa pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito yachisawawa mu Microsoft Excel (2016, Redmond, USA).Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsa kulembedwa kwa omwe atenga nawo gawo ndi mapangidwe oyesera mu tchati choyenda.
Kapangidwe ka kafukufuku kuti mufufuze zomwe otenga nawo gawo akumana nazo ndi zitsanzo za pulasitiki ndi ma augmented reality applications.
Kuyambira pa Marichi 27, 2023, gulu loyesera ndi gulu loyang'anira linagwiritsa ntchito AR-TCPT ndi mitundu ya pulasitiki kusema mano atatu, motsatana, kwa milungu itatu.Ophunzira adajambula ma premolars ndi ma molars, kuphatikiza mandibular woyamba molar, mandibular woyamba premolar, ndi maxillary woyamba premolar, onse okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta a morphological.Ma maxillary canines samaphatikizidwa mu chosema.Ophunzira ali ndi maola atatu pa sabata kuti adule dzino.Pambuyo popanga dzino, zitsanzo za pulasitiki ndi zizindikiro za zithunzi za magulu olamulira ndi oyesera, motero, zinachotsedwa.Popanda kuzindikira zilembo zazithunzi, zinthu zamano za 3D siziwongoleredwa ndi AR-TCTP.Pofuna kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina zoyeserera, magulu oyesera ndi owongolera adayeserera mano kusema m'zipinda zosiyana.Ndemanga pa mawonekedwe a dzino inaperekedwa masabata atatu pambuyo pa kutha kwa kuyesa kuchepetsa mphamvu ya malangizo a aphunzitsi.Mafunsowo adaperekedwa pambuyo poti kudula kwa mandibular woyamba molars kumalizidwa mu sabata lachitatu la Epulo.Mafunso osinthidwa kuchokera kwa Sanders et al.Alfala et al.adagwiritsa ntchito mafunso 23 [26].[27] adawunika kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe a mtima pakati pa zida zoyeserera.Komabe, mu phunziro ili, chinthu chimodzi chowongolera mwachindunji pamlingo uliwonse sichinapatsidwe kuchokera ku Alfalah et al.[27].Zinthu za 22 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 1. Magulu olamulira ndi oyesera anali ndi Cronbach's α values ya 0.587 ndi 0.912, motsatira.
Kusanthula kwa data kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a SPSS (v25.0, IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA).Mayeso ofunikira a mbali ziwiri adachitidwa pamlingo wofunikira wa 0.05.Mayeso enieni a Fisher adagwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula mikhalidwe yanthawi zonse monga jenda, zaka, malo okhala, komanso luso losema mano kuti atsimikizire kugawidwa kwa izi pakati pa owongolera ndi magulu oyesera.Zotsatira za mayeso a Shapiro-Wilk zidawonetsa kuti kafukufukuyu sanagawidwe (p <0.05).Choncho, kuyesa kwa Mann-Whitney U kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza magulu olamulira ndi oyesera.
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe akugwira nawo ntchito panthawi yojambula mano zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 6. Chithunzi 6a chimasonyeza chitsanzo cha pulasitiki, ndipo Zithunzi 6b-d zimasonyeza AR-TCPT yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa foni yam'manja.AR-TCPT imagwiritsa ntchito kamera ya chipangizochi kuti izindikire zolembera ndikuwonetsa chinthu chamano cha 3D chowongoleredwa pazenera chomwe ophunzira amatha kuchisintha ndikuchiwona munthawi yeniyeni.Mabatani a "Next" ndi "Previous" a foni yam'manja amakulolani kuti muwone mwatsatanetsatane magawo a kusema ndi mawonekedwe a mano.Kuti apange dzino, ogwiritsa ntchito AR-TCPT amafanizira motsatizana chithunzi cha 3D chapawonekedwe cha dzino ndi chipika cha sera.
Yesetsani kusema mano.Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kufananitsa kwa machitidwe osema mano achikhalidwe (TCP) pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya pulasitiki ndi TCP pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito zida zenizeni zenizeni.Ophunzira amatha kuwona masitepe akusema a 3D podina mabatani Otsatira ndi Am'mbuyo.a: Pulasitiki chitsanzo mu seti ya sitepe ndi sitepe zitsanzo kusema mano.b: TCP ntchito augmented zenizeni chida pa gawo loyamba la mandibular woyamba premolar.c: TCP ntchito augmented zenizeni chida pa gawo lomaliza la mandibular woyamba premolar mapangidwe.d: Njira yozindikirira mikwingwirima ndi poyambira.IM, chizindikiro cha zithunzi;MD, foni yam'manja;NSB, "Kenako" batani;PSB, "Previous" batani;SMD, chogwirizira mafoni;TC, mano chosema makina;W, chipika cha sera
Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu awiriwa omwe adasankhidwa mwachisawawa ponena za jenda, zaka, malo okhala, ndi luso lojambula mano (p> 0.05).Gulu lolamulira linali ndi akazi a 96.2% (n = 25) ndi 3.8% amuna (n = 1), pamene gulu loyesera linali ndi akazi okha (n = 26).Gulu lowongolera linali ndi 61.5% (n = 16) ya omwe adatenga zaka 20, 26.9% (n = 7) ya omwe adatenga zaka 21, ndi 11.5% (n = 3) ya omwe adatenga zaka ≥ zaka 22, kenako kuwongolera koyeserera. gululi linali ndi 73.1% (n = 19) ya omwe adatenga zaka 20, 19.2% (n = 5) ya omwe adatenga zaka 21, ndi 7.7% (n = 2) ya omwe adatenga zaka ≥ zaka 22.Ponena za malo okhala, 69.2% (n = 18) a gulu lolamulira ankakhala ku Gyeonggi-do, ndipo 23.1% (n = 6) ankakhala ku Seoul.Poyerekeza, 50.0% (n = 13) a gulu loyesera ankakhala ku Gyeonggi-do, ndipo 46.2% (n = 12) ankakhala ku Seoul.Gawo lamagulu owongolera ndi oyesera omwe amakhala ku Incheon anali 7.7% (n = 2) ndi 3.8% (n = 1), motsatana.Mu gulu lolamulira, otenga nawo gawo 25 (96.2%) analibe chidziwitso cham'mbuyomu ndi kusema mano.Mofananamo, otsogolera a 26 (100%) mu gulu loyesera analibe chidziwitso cham'mbuyo ndi mano kusema.
Gulu 2 limapereka ziwerengero zofotokozera komanso kufananitsa kwa mayankho a gulu lililonse pazinthu 22 zofufuza.Panali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa maguluwo poyankha mafunso aliwonse a 22 (p <0.01).Poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira, gulu loyesera linali ndi ziwerengero zapamwamba pa mafunso a 21.Pokhapokha pafunso la 20 (Q20) la mafunso omwe gulu lolamulira linapeza apamwamba kuposa gulu loyesera.Histogram mu chithunzi 7 ikuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa magulu.Gulu 2;Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsanso zotsatira za wogwiritsa ntchito pa polojekiti iliyonse.Mu gulu lolamulira, chinthu chopambana kwambiri chinali ndi funso Q21, ndipo chinthu chotsika kwambiri chinali ndi funso Q6.Mu gulu loyesera, chinthu chopambana kwambiri chinali ndi funso Q13, ndipo chinthu chotsika kwambiri chinali ndi funso Q20.Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 7, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa gulu lolamulira ndi gulu loyesera kumawoneka mu Q6, ndipo kusiyana kochepa kwambiri kumawoneka mu Q22.
Kufananiza zigoli zamafunso.Bar graph kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa gulu lolamulira pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha pulasitiki ndi gulu loyesera pogwiritsa ntchito augmented reality application.AR-TCPT, chida chogwiritsira ntchito chojambula chojambula mano chokhazikika.
Ukadaulo wa AR ukuchulukirachulukira m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachipatala, kuphatikiza kukongoletsa kwachipatala, opaleshoni yapakamwa, ukadaulo wobwezeretsa, morphology ya mano ndi implantology, ndi kuyerekezera [28, 29, 30, 31].Mwachitsanzo, Microsoft HoloLens imapereka zida zapamwamba zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti zithandizire maphunziro a mano ndikukonzekera opaleshoni [32].Ukadaulo wowona zenizeni umaperekanso malo ofananirako pophunzitsa morphology ya mano [33].Ngakhale zowonetsera zaukadaulo zotsogola pamutu zaukadaulozi sizinapezekebe ponseponse pamaphunziro a mano, kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a AR kumatha kupititsa patsogolo luso lakagwiritsidwe ntchito kachipatala ndikuthandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa momwe thupi limakhalira [34, 35].Ukadaulo wa AR ukhozanso kukulitsa chidwi cha ophunzira ndi chidwi pakuphunzira kapangidwe ka mano ndikupatsanso mwayi wophunzirira wolumikizana komanso wochititsa chidwi [36].Zida zophunzirira za AR zimathandizira ophunzira kuwona njira zovuta zamano ndi ma anatomy mu 3D [37], zomwe ndizofunikira kuti mumvetsetse kapangidwe ka mano.
Zotsatira za 3D zosindikizidwa zamapulasitiki zamano pa kuphunzitsa kapangidwe ka mano ndizabwinoko kuposa mabuku okhala ndi zithunzi za 2D ndi mafotokozedwe [38].Komabe, digito yamaphunziro ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kofunikira kuyambitsa zida ndi matekinoloje osiyanasiyana azaumoyo ndi maphunziro azachipatala, kuphatikiza maphunziro a mano [35].Aphunzitsi akukumana ndi vuto lophunzitsa mfundo zovuta m'munda wosinthika kwambiri komanso wosinthika [39], womwe umafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zamanja kuphatikiza pamitundu yachikhalidwe ya utomoni wamano kuti athandizire ophunzira pantchito yosema mano.Chifukwa chake, phunziroli likupereka chida chothandiza cha AR-TCPT chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa AR kuti uthandizire kuchitapo kanthu kwa morphology ya mano.
Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa AR ndikofunikira kuti amvetsetse zomwe zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma multimedia [40].Kudziwa bwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a AR kumatha kudziwa komwe akukulirakulira ndikusintha, kuphatikiza cholinga chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, kuwonetsa zidziwitso, ndi kulumikizana [41].Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 2, kupatulapo Q20, gulu loyesera pogwiritsa ntchito AR-TCPT linalandira chidziwitso chapamwamba cha ogwiritsa ntchito poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zapulasitiki.Poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo za pulasitiki, chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito AR-TCPT muzojambula zamano chinali chovomerezeka kwambiri.Kuwunika kumaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa, kuyang'ana, kuyang'anitsitsa, kubwerezabwereza, kugwiritsa ntchito zida, ndi kusiyana kwa malingaliro.Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito AR-TCPT umaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa kwachangu, kuyenda bwino, kupulumutsa nthawi, kukulitsa luso lazojambula, kufalitsa mwatsatanetsatane, kuphunzira bwino, kuchepetsa kudalira mabuku, komanso kuyanjana, kosangalatsa, komanso chidziwitso cha zomwe zachitika.AR-TCPT imathandiziranso kuyanjana ndi zida zina zoyeserera komanso imapereka malingaliro omveka bwino kuchokera kumawonedwe angapo.
Monga tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 7, AR-TCPT idaperekanso mfundo ina mufunso 20: mawonekedwe owoneka bwino owonetsa masitepe onse osema amafunikira kuti athandize ophunzira kumeta mano.Chiwonetsero cha njira yonse yosema mano ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi luso losema mano musanayambe kuchiza odwala.Gulu loyesera linalandira mapepala apamwamba kwambiri mu Q13, funso lofunika kwambiri lokhudzana ndi kuthandizira kukulitsa luso losema mano ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso la ogwiritsa ntchito musanachize odwala, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwa chida ichi muzojambula zamano.Ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito maluso omwe amaphunzira pazachipatala.Komabe, maphunziro otsatiridwa amafunikira kuti awone kakulidwe ndi kachitidwe ka luso lenileni losema mano.Funso 6 linafunsa ngati zitsanzo za pulasitiki ndi AR-TCTP zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuli kofunikira, ndipo mayankho a funsoli amasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu awiriwa.Monga pulogalamu yam'manja, AR-TCPT idawoneka kuti ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito poyerekeza ndi mitundu yapulasitiki.Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kutsimikizira ukadaulo wamaphunziro a mapulogalamu a AR kutengera zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito okha.Maphunziro owonjezera akufunika kuti awone momwe AR-TCTP imagwirira ntchito pamapiritsi a mano omalizidwa.Komabe, mu kafukufukuyu, mawonedwe apamwamba a ogwiritsa ntchito a AR-TCPT akuwonetsa kuthekera kwake ngati chida chothandiza.
Kafukufuku wofananirawu akuwonetsa kuti AR-TCPT ikhoza kukhala njira ina yofunikira kapena yothandizira kumitundu yamapulasitiki achikhalidwe m'maofesi a mano, chifukwa idalandira mavoti abwino kwambiri potengera zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito adakumana nazo.Komabe, kudziwa kukula kwake kudzafunika kuchulukitsidwa kwina ndi aphunzitsi a fupa lapakati komanso lomaliza losema.Kuonjezera apo, chikoka cha kusiyana kwa wina aliyense mu luso la kulingalira kwa malo pa ndondomeko yosema ndi dzino lomaliza liyeneranso kufufuzidwa.Luso la mano limasiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu, zomwe zingakhudze njira yosema ndi dzino lomaliza.Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wochulukirapo akufunika kuti atsimikizire kuchita bwino kwa AR-TCPT ngati chida chojambulira mano ndikumvetsetsa gawo lowongolera ndi kuyimira pakati pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa AR pakusema.Kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwunika kakulidwe ndi kuwunika kwa zida zamano zama morphology pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wa HoloLens AR.
Mwachidule, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa AR-TCPT ngati chida chojambulira mano chifukwa imapatsa ophunzira mwayi wophunzirira mwatsopano komanso wolumikizana.Poyerekeza ndi gulu lachitsanzo la pulasitiki lachikhalidwe, gulu la AR-TCPT likuwonetsa zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikiza zopindulitsa monga kumvetsetsa mwachangu, kuphunzira bwino, komanso kuchepetsa kudalira mabuku.Ndi ukadaulo wake wodziwika bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, AR-TCPT imapereka njira yodalirika yosinthira zida zapulasitiki zachikhalidwe ndipo zitha kuthandiza ongoyamba kumene kujambula 3D.Komabe, kufufuza kwina n’kofunika kuti tione mmene ntchito yake yophunzitsira ikuyendera bwino, kuphatikizapo mmene imakhudzira luso losema la anthu komanso kachulukidwe ka mano osema.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-25-2023