Kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito makina osakanikirana a 3D kujambula ndi njira yophunzirira yokhudzana ndi zovuta pamaphunziro azachipatala okhudzana ndi opaleshoni ya msana.
Pazonse, ophunzira a 106 a maphunziro a zaka zisanu mu "Clinical Medicine" yapadera adasankhidwa monga maphunziro a phunziroli, omwe mu 2021 adzakhala ndi internship mu dipatimenti ya mafupa pa chipatala chogwirizana cha Xuzhou Medical University.Ophunzirawa adagawidwa mwachisawawa m'magulu oyesera ndi olamulira, ndi ophunzira a 53 pagulu lililonse.Gulu loyesera linagwiritsa ntchito luso lojambula zithunzi za 3D ndi njira yophunzirira ya PBL, pamene gulu lolamulira limagwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzirira yachikhalidwe.Pambuyo pa maphunziro, mphamvu ya maphunziro m'magulu awiriwa inafanizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ndi mafunso.
Chiwerengero chonse pa mayeso a chiphunzitso cha ophunzira a gulu loyesera chinali chachikulu kuposa cha ophunzira a gulu lolamulira.Ophunzira a magulu awiriwa adadziyesa okha magiredi awo mu phunziroli, pomwe magiredi a ophunzira a gulu loyesera anali apamwamba kuposa a ophunzira a gulu lolamulira (P <0.05).Chidwi cha kuphunzira, chikhalidwe cha m'kalasi, kuyanjana m'kalasi, ndi kukhutira ndi kuphunzitsa kunali kwakukulu pakati pa ophunzira mu gulu loyesera kusiyana ndi gulu lolamulira (P <0.05).
Kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo woyerekeza wa 3D ndi njira yophunzirira ya PBL pophunzitsa opaleshoni ya msana kumatha kukulitsa luso la kuphunzira komanso chidwi cha ophunzira, ndikulimbikitsa kukulitsa malingaliro achipatala a ophunzira.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira kwa chidziwitso chachipatala ndi ukadaulo, funso la mtundu wanji wamaphunziro azachipatala omwe angachepetse bwino nthawi yomwe imatengera kusintha kuchokera kwa ophunzira azachipatala kupita kwa madokotala ndikukula mwachangu okhala bwino yakhala nkhani yodetsa nkhawa.adakopa chidwi kwambiri [1].Kuchita zachipatala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa kuganiza kwachipatala ndi luso lothandiza la ophunzira azachipatala.Makamaka, maopaleshoni amaika zofunika kwambiri pa luso la ophunzira komanso chidziwitso cha thupi la munthu.
Pakadali pano, njira yophunzitsira yachikhalidwe yophunzitsira ikadalipobe m'masukulu ndi zamankhwala azachipatala [2].Njira yophunzitsira yachikhalidwe imakhala yokhazikika kwa aphunzitsi: mphunzitsi amaima pabwalo ndikupereka chidziwitso kwa ophunzira kudzera mu njira zophunzitsira zachikhalidwe monga mabuku ndi maphunziro ochezera pa TV.Maphunziro onse amaphunzitsidwa ndi mphunzitsi.Ophunzira nthawi zambiri amamvetsera nkhani, mwayi wokambirana kwaulere ndi mafunso ndi ochepa.Chifukwa chake, njirayi imatha kusandulika kukhala gawo limodzi lophunzitsidwa ndi aphunzitsi pomwe ophunzira amangovomereza zomwe zikuchitika.Chotero, pophunzitsa, aphunzitsi nthaŵi zambiri amapeza kuti chidwi cha ophunzira cha kuphunzira sichili chachikulu, changu sichili chachikulu, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipa.Kuonjezera apo, n'zovuta kufotokoza momveka bwino momwe msana umapangidwira pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za 2D monga PPT, mabuku a anatomy ndi zithunzi, ndipo si zophweka kuti ophunzira amvetsetse ndikudziŵa bwino chidziwitso ichi [3].
Mu 1969, njira yatsopano yophunzitsira, kuphunzira motengera zovuta (PBL), idayesedwa ku McMaster University School of Medicine ku Canada.Mosiyana ndi njira zophunzitsira zachikhalidwe, njira yophunzirira ya PBL imagwira ophunzira ngati gawo lalikulu la maphunziro ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mafunso ofunikira kuti athe kuphunzira, kukambirana ndi kugwirizana paokha m'magulu, kufunsa mafunso mwachangu ndikupeza mayankho m'malo mongovomereza chabe., 5].Pofufuza ndi kuthetsa mavuto, kulitsa luso la ophunzira pakuphunzira paokha komanso kulingalira koyenera [6].Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha chitukuko chaukadaulo wazachipatala wa digito, njira zophunzitsira zachipatala zalemeretsedwanso kwambiri.Ukatswiri woyerekeza wa 3D (3DV) umatenga data yaiwisi kuchokera kuzithunzi zachipatala, ndikulowetsa mu pulogalamu yofananira kuti amangenso 3D, kenako amakonza zomwe zidapangidwa kuti apange mtundu wa 3D.Njirayi imathetsa malire a kaphunzitsidwe kachikhalidwe, imalimbikitsa chidwi cha ophunzira m'njira zambiri komanso imathandiza ophunzira kuti azitha kudziwa bwino mapangidwe a anatomical ovuta kwambiri [7, 8], makamaka maphunziro a mafupa.Chifukwa chake, nkhaniyi ikuphatikiza njira ziwirizi kuti muphunzire momwe mungaphatikizire PBL ndiukadaulo wa 3DV komanso njira yophunzirira yachikhalidwe pakugwiritsa ntchito.Zotsatira zake ndi izi.
Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali ophunzira a 106 omwe adalowa mchitidwe wa opaleshoni ya msana wa chipatala chathu ku 2021, omwe adagawidwa m'magulu oyesera ndi olamulira pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lachisawawa, ophunzira a 53 pagulu lililonse.Gulu loyesera linali ndi amuna a 25 ndi akazi a 28 azaka za 21 mpaka zaka 23, amatanthauza zaka 22.6 ± 0.8 zaka.Gulu lolamulira linaphatikizapo amuna a 26 ndi akazi a 27 a zaka za 21-24, zaka zapakati pa 22.6 ± 0.9 zaka, ophunzira onse ndi ophunzira.Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zaka ndi jenda pakati pa magulu awiriwa (P> 0.05).
Njira zophatikizira ndi izi: (1) Ophunzira a bachelor anthawi zonse azachipatala azaka zinayi;(2) Ophunzira amene angathe kufotokoza momveka bwino zakukhosi kwawo;(3) Ophunzira omwe angamvetse ndi kudzipereka mwakufuna kwawo pazochitika zonse za phunziroli ndi kusaina fomu yovomereza yodziwitsidwa.Njira zosiyanitsira ndi izi: (1) Ophunzira omwe sakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zophatikizidwa;(2) Ophunzira amene safuna kutenga nawo mbali pa maphunzirowa pazifukwa zawo;(3) Ophunzira omwe ali ndi maphunziro a PBL.
Lowetsani data yaiwisi ya CT mu pulogalamu yoyeserera ndikulowetsamo mtundu womwe wamangidwa mu pulogalamu yapadera yophunzitsira kuti iwonetsedwe.Chitsanzocho chimakhala ndi minofu ya mafupa, intervertebral discs ndi mitsempha ya msana (mkuyu 1).Zigawo zosiyana zimayimiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo chitsanzocho chikhoza kukulitsidwa ndikuzunguliridwa monga momwe mukufunira.Ubwino waukulu wa njirayi ndikuti zigawo za CT zitha kuyikidwa pachitsanzo ndipo kuwonekera kwa magawo osiyanasiyana kungasinthidwe kuti tipewe kutsekeka.
a Rear view ndi b Side view.mu L1, L3 ndi chiuno chachitsanzo ndi chowonekera.d Pambuyo pophatikiza chithunzi cha CT cross-section ndi chitsanzo, mukhoza kuchisuntha mmwamba ndi pansi kuti muyike ndege za CT zosiyanasiyana.e Kuphatikizika kwa zithunzi za sagittal CT ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo obisika pokonza L1 ndi L3
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za maphunzirowa ndi izi: 1) Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda omwe amapezeka pa opaleshoni ya msana;2) Kudziwa za thunthu la msana, kuganiza ndi kumvetsa za zochitika ndi chitukuko cha matenda;3) Mavidiyo ogwira ntchito ophunzitsa chidziwitso choyambirira.Masitepe a opaleshoni yamtundu wa msana, 4) Kuwona matenda omwe amapezeka mu opaleshoni ya msana, 5) Chidziwitso chachidziwitso chachikale kukumbukira, kuphatikizapo chiphunzitso cha Dennis 'mizere itatu ya msana, gulu la fractures ya msana, ndi gulu la herniated lumbar spine.
Gulu loyesera: Njira yophunzitsira ikuphatikizidwa ndi luso la kujambula la PBL ndi 3D.Njirayi ili ndi mbali zotsatirazi.1) Kukonzekera kwa zochitika zomwe zimachitika pa opaleshoni ya msana: Kambiranani za khomo lachiberekero spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, ndi piramidi compression fractures, ndipo nkhani iliyonse ikuyang'ana pa mfundo zosiyanasiyana za chidziwitso.Milandu, zitsanzo za 3D ndi mavidiyo opangira opaleshoni amatumizidwa kwa ophunzira sabata imodzi isanayambe kalasi ndipo akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha 3D kuyesa chidziwitso cha anatomical.2) Kukonzekeratu: Mphindi 10 musanayambe kalasi, dziwitsani ophunzira za njira yeniyeni yophunzirira ya PBL, limbikitsani ophunzira kutenga nawo mbali mwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi mokwanira, ndi kumaliza ntchito mwanzeru.Kugawa magulu kunachitika atalandira chilolezo cha onse omwe atenga nawo mbali.Tengani ophunzira 8 mpaka 10 pagulu, gawani m’magulu momasuka kuti muganizire za nkhani zofufuza, ganizirani za kudziwerengera, kutenga nawo mbali pazokambirana zamagulu, kuyankhana wina ndi mzake, potsiriza perekani mwachidule mfundo zazikulu, kupanga deta mwadongosolo, ndi kulemba zokambiranazo.Sankhani wophunzira yemwe ali ndi luso lokonzekera bwino komanso lofotokozera momveka bwino ngati mtsogoleri wa gulu kuti akonzekere zokambirana zamagulu ndi zowonetsera.3) Aphunzitsi Aphunzitsi: Aphunzitsi amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yoyerekezera kuti afotokoze momwe thupi la msana limakhalira limodzi ndi zochitika zenizeni, ndikulola ophunzira kuti agwiritse ntchito pulogalamuyo kuti azichita zinthu monga kuyandikira, kuzungulira, kuyikanso CT ndi kusintha kuwonekera kwa minofu;Kukhala ndi kumvetsa mozama ndi kuloweza pamtima dongosolo la matenda, ndi kuwathandiza kuganiza paokha za waukulu maulalo pa chiyambi, chitukuko ndi njira ya matenda.4) Kusinthana maganizo ndi kukambirana.Poyankha mafunso omwe alembedwa m'kalasi, perekani zoyankhulirana za m'kalasi ndipo pemphani mtsogoleri wa gulu aliyense kuti afotokoze zotsatira za zokambirana za gulu pakatha nthawi yokwanira yokambirana.Panthawi imeneyi, gulu likhoza kufunsa mafunso ndi kuthandizana wina ndi mzake, pamene mphunzitsi ayenera kulemba mosamala ndi kumvetsetsa kaganizidwe ka ophunzira ndi mavuto okhudzana nawo.5) Mwachidule: Akamaliza kukambirana za ophunzirawo, mphunzitsi azipereka ndemanga pa momwe ophunzirawo achitira, kufotokoza mwachidule ndi kuyankha mwatsatanetsatane mafunso odziwika bwino komanso oyambitsa mikangano, ndikufotokozera njira yophunzirira mtsogolo kuti ophunzira athe kuzolowera njira yophunzitsira ya PBL.
Gulu lolamulira limagwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzirira yachikhalidwe, kulangiza ophunzira kuti aziwoneratu zidazo musanayambe kalasi.Kuti azichita maphunziro aukadaulo, aphunzitsi amagwiritsa ntchito ma boardboard, ma multimedia curricula, zida zamakanema, zitsanzo ndi zida zina zophunzitsira, komanso kukonza maphunziro molingana ndi zida zophunzitsira.Monga chowonjezera pa maphunziro, ndondomekoyi ikuyang'ana pa zovuta zoyenera komanso mfundo zazikulu za bukhuli.Pambuyo pa phunzirolo, mphunzitsiyo anafotokoza mwachidule mfundozo ndi kulimbikitsa ophunzira kuloweza ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe zikugwirizana nazo.
Mogwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu maphunzirowa, mayeso a mabuku otsekedwa adatengedwa.Mafunso omwe ali ndi cholinga amasankhidwa kuchokera ku mafunso oyenera omwe amafunsidwa ndi asing'anga pazaka zambiri.Mafunso okhudzidwa amapangidwa ndi dipatimenti ya Orthopedics ndipo pamapeto pake amawunikidwa ndi mamembala omwe samalemba mayeso.Chitani nawo mbali pophunzira.Chidziwitso chonse cha mayesowo ndi mfundo 100, ndipo zomwe zili m'bukuli makamaka zili ndi magawo awiri otsatirawa: 1) Mafunso acholinga (makamaka mafunso osankha angapo), omwe amayesa luso la ophunzira pazidziwitso, zomwe ndi 50% ya zigoli zonse. ;2) Mafunso okhudzidwa (mafunso owunikira milandu), makamaka amayang'ana kumvetsetsa mwadongosolo komanso kusanthula kwa matenda ndi ophunzira, omwe ndi 50% ya chiwerengero chonse.
Kumapeto kwa maphunzirowo, mafunso okhala ndi mbali ziŵiri ndi mafunso asanu ndi anayi anaperekedwa.Zomwe zili m'mafunsowa zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zili patebulo, ndipo ophunzira ayenera kuyankha mafunso pa zinthuzi ndi zizindikiro zonse za 10 ndi osachepera 1 mfundo.Maphunziro apamwamba amasonyeza kukhutira kwa ophunzira.Mafunso omwe ali mu Table 2 ndi okhudza ngati kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yophunzirira ya PBL ndi 3DV kungathandize ophunzira kumvetsetsa chidziwitso chaukadaulo.Zinthu zapagulu 3 zikuwonetsa kukhutitsidwa kwa ophunzira ndi njira zonse zophunzirira.
Deta yonse idawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya SPSS 25;zotsatira zoyesa zidawonetsedwa ngati ± kupatuka kokhazikika (x ± s).Deta yochulukira idawunikidwa ndi njira imodzi ya ANOVA, deta yolondola idawunikidwa ndi mayeso a χ2, ndipo kuwongolera kwa Bonferroni kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pofananiza kangapo.Kusiyana kwakukulu (P<0.05).
Zotsatira za kafukufuku wamagulu awiriwa zinasonyeza kuti zotsatira za mafunso oyenerera (mafunso angapo osankha) a ophunzira a gulu lolamulira anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa a ophunzira a gulu loyesera (P <0.05), ndi zotsatira. mwa ophunzira a gulu lolamulira anali apamwamba kwambiri, kuposa ophunzira a gulu loyesera (P <0.05).Kuchuluka kwa mafunso okhudzidwa (mafunso owunikira milandu) a ophunzira a gulu loyesera anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa a ophunzira a gulu lolamulira (P <0.01), onani Table.1.
Mafunso osadziwika anagawidwa pambuyo pa makalasi onse.Pazonse, mafunso a 106 adagawidwa, 106 mwa iwo adabwezeretsedwa, pamene chiwerengero cha kubwezeretsa chinali 100.0%.Mafomu onse amalizidwa.Kuyerekeza zotsatira za kafukufuku wa mafunso pa mlingo wa kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha akatswiri pakati pa magulu awiri a ophunzira anavumbula kuti ophunzira a gulu experimental adziwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za opaleshoni msana, ndondomeko chidziwitso, gulu tingachipeze powerenga matenda, ndi zina zotero. .Kusiyanaku kunali kofunikira kwambiri (P<0.05) monga momwe tawonetsera mu Gulu 2.
Kuyerekeza mayankho ku mafunso okhudzana ndi kukhutitsidwa kwa kuphunzitsa pakati pa magulu awiriwa: ophunzira mu gulu loyesera adapeza zambiri kuposa ophunzira omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira ponena za chidwi cha kuphunzira, chikhalidwe cha m'kalasi, kuyanjana m'kalasi, ndi kukhutira ndi kuphunzitsa.Kusiyanaku kunali kofunikira kwambiri (P <0.05).Tsatanetsatane ikuwonetsedwa mu Table 3.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kosalekeza ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zamakono, makamaka pamene tikulowa m'zaka za zana la 21, ntchito zachipatala m'zipatala zikukhala zovuta kwambiri.Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ophunzira azachipatala atha kuzolowera ntchito zachipatala mwachangu ndikukulitsa maluso apamwamba azachipatala kuti apindule ndi anthu, kuphunzitsidwa mwachikhalidwe komanso njira imodzi yophunzirira amakumana ndi zovuta pakuthana ndi zovuta zachipatala.Chitsanzo chachikhalidwe cha maphunziro azachipatala m'dziko langa chili ndi ubwino wa chidziwitso chochuluka m'kalasi, zofunikira zochepa za chilengedwe, ndi dongosolo lachidziwitso la maphunziro lomwe lingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zophunzitsira maphunziro apamwamba [9].Komabe, maphunziro amtunduwu amatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe, kuchepa kwa zomwe ophunzira akuchita komanso chidwi chophunzira, kulephera kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane matenda ovuta m'machitidwe azachipatala ndipo, chifukwa chake, sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachipatala chapamwamba. maphunziro.M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mlingo wa opaleshoni ya msana m'dziko langa wakula mofulumira, ndipo chiphunzitso cha opaleshoni ya msana chakumana ndi zovuta zatsopano.Panthawi yophunzitsidwa zachipatala, gawo lovuta kwambiri la opaleshoni ndi mafupa, makamaka opaleshoni ya msana.Mfundo zachidziwitso ndizochepa komanso zimadetsa nkhawa osati kupunduka kwa msana ndi matenda, komanso kuvulala ndi zotupa za mafupa.Mfundozi sizongopeka komanso zovuta, komanso zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma anatomy, pathology, kujambula, biomechanics, ndi maphunziro ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomwe zili mkati mwake zikhale zovuta kumvetsa ndi kukumbukira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mbali zambiri za opaleshoni ya msana zikukula mofulumira, ndipo chidziwitso chomwe chili m'mabuku omwe alipo kale ndi chakale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti aphunzitsi aziphunzitsa.Chifukwa chake, kusintha njira yophunzitsira yachikhalidwe ndikuphatikiza zomwe zachitika posachedwa pakufufuza kwapadziko lonse lapansi kungapangitse kuphunzitsa kwa chidziwitso chanthanthi kukhala chothandiza, kukulitsa luso la ophunzira loganiza bwino, ndikulimbikitsa ophunzira kuganiza mozama.Zolakwika izi pamaphunziro apano zikuyenera kuthetsedwa mwachangu kuti mufufuze malire ndi malire a chidziwitso chamankhwala chamakono ndikugonjetsa zopinga zachikhalidwe [10].
Njira yophunzirira ya PBL ndi njira yophunzirira yolunjika kwa ophunzira.Kupyolera mu kuphunzira mwachisawawa, kuphunzira paokha komanso kukambirana, ophunzira atha kumasula chidwi chawo ndi kuchoka ku chivomerezo chachidziwitso kupita kukutengapo gawo mwachangu pakuphunzitsa kwa mphunzitsi.Poyerekeza ndi njira yophunzirira yotengera maphunziro, ophunzira omwe akutenga nawo gawo munjira yophunzirira ya PBL amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yogwiritsa ntchito mabuku, intaneti, ndi mapulogalamu kuti afufuze mayankho a mafunso, kuganiza mwaokha, ndikukambirana mitu yokhudzana ndi gulu.Njirayi imakulitsa luso la ophunzira loganiza paokha, kusanthula mavuto ndi kuthetsa mavuto [11].Pokambirana mwaulere, ophunzira osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa nkhani imodzi, zomwe zimapatsa ophunzira nsanja kuti awonjezere malingaliro awo.Kulitsani kuganiza mwanzeru ndi luso loganiza bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kuganiza kosalekeza, ndikukulitsa luso lakulankhula pakamwa ndi mzimu wamagulu kudzera kulumikizana pakati pa anzanu a m'kalasi [12].Chofunika koposa, kuphunzitsa PBL kumalola ophunzira kumvetsetsa momwe angasanthule, kulinganiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso choyenera, kudziwa njira zophunzitsira zolondola ndikuwongolera luso lawo lonse [13].Phunziro lathu, tidapeza kuti ophunzira anali ndi chidwi chophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu oyerekeza a 3D kuposa kumvetsetsa malingaliro otopetsa azachipatala ochokera m'mabuku, kotero mu kafukufuku wathu, ophunzira omwe ali mugulu loyesera amakhala ofunitsitsa kutenga nawo gawo pakuphunzira. ndondomeko.bwino kuposa gulu lolamulira.Aphunzitsi ayenera kulimbikitsa ophunzira kulankhula molimba mtima, kukulitsa kuzindikira za phunziro la ophunzira, ndi kulimbikitsa chidwi chawo chotenga nawo mbali pazokambirana.Zotsatira zoyeserera zikuwonetsa kuti, malinga ndi chidziwitso cha kukumbukira kwamakina, magwiridwe antchito a ophunzira mu gulu loyesera ndi otsika kuposa gulu lowongolera, komabe, pakuwunika kwa vuto lachipatala, lomwe limafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta za chidziwitso chofunikira, Kuchita kwa ophunzira mu gulu loyesera kuli bwino kwambiri kuposa gulu lolamulira, lomwe limatsindika mgwirizano pakati pa 3DV ndi gulu lolamulira.Ubwino wophatikiza mankhwala azikhalidwe.Njira yophunzitsira ya PBL ikufuna kukulitsa luso lozungulira la ophunzira.
Chiphunzitso cha anatomy chiri pakati pa chiphunzitso chachipatala cha opaleshoni ya msana.Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ovuta a msana komanso kuti ntchitoyo imaphatikizapo ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga msana, mitsempha ya msana, ndi mitsempha ya magazi, ophunzira ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro a malo kuti aphunzire.Poyamba, ophunzira ankagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ziwiri-dimensional monga zithunzi za m'mabuku ndi zithunzi za mavidiyo kuti afotokoze chidziwitso choyenera, koma ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zinthu izi, ophunzira analibe chidziwitso chodziwika bwino komanso chamagulu atatu pankhaniyi, zomwe zinayambitsa zovuta kumvetsetsa.Poona zovuta kwambiri zokhudza thupi ndi matenda a msana, monga mgwirizano pakati pa mitsempha ya msana ndi zigawo za thupi la vertebral, pazinthu zina zofunika komanso zovuta, monga maonekedwe ndi magulu a fractures ya khomo lachiberekero.Ophunzira ambiri adanena kuti zomwe zili mu opaleshoni ya msana ndizosamveka, ndipo sangathe kuzimvetsa bwino panthawi ya maphunziro awo, ndipo chidziwitso chophunzira chimaiwalika mwamsanga pambuyo pa kalasi, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto mu ntchito yeniyeni.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowonera 3D, wolemba amapatsa ophunzira zithunzi zomveka bwino za 3D, magawo osiyanasiyana omwe amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.Chifukwa cha ntchito monga kuzungulira, makulitsidwe ndi kuwonekera, chitsanzo cha msana ndi zithunzi za CT zikhoza kuwonedwa mu zigawo.Sikuti mawonekedwe a anatomical a thupi la vertebral amatha kuwonedwa bwino, komanso amalimbikitsa chikhumbo cha ophunzira kuti apeze chithunzi chotopetsa cha CT cha msana.ndi kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso m'munda wowonera.Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo ndi zida zophunzitsira zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu, ntchito yowonetsera yowonekera imatha kuthetsa vuto la occlusion, ndipo ndizosavuta kuti ophunzira aziwona mawonekedwe abwino a anatomical ndi mayendedwe ovuta a mitsempha, makamaka kwa oyamba kumene.Ophunzira amatha kugwira ntchito momasuka bola abweretsa makompyuta awoawo, ndipo palibe chindapusa chilichonse.Njirayi ndi yabwino m'malo mwa maphunziro achikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za 2D [14].Mu phunziro ili, gulu lolamulira lidachita bwino pa mafunso omwe ali ndi cholinga, kusonyeza kuti chitsanzo chophunzitsira sichingatsutsidwe kwathunthu ndipo chikadali ndi phindu pa chiphunzitso chachipatala cha opaleshoni ya msana.Kupeza kumeneku kunatipangitsa kulingalira ngati tingaphatikize njira yophunzirira yachikhalidwe ndi njira yophunzirira ya PBL yomwe imalimbikitsidwa ndi ukadaulo wowonera 3D, kulunjika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayeso ndi ophunzira amisinkhu yosiyana, kuti awonjezere zotsatira za maphunziro.Komabe, sizikudziwikiratu ngati njira ziwirizi zingagwirizanitsidwe komanso ngati ophunzira angavomereze kuphatikiza koteroko, komwe kungakhale chitsogozo cha kafukufuku wamtsogolo.Kafukufukuyu akukumananso ndi zovuta zina monga kukondera komwe kungatheke kotsimikizira ophunzira akamaliza kufunsa mafunso atazindikira kuti atenga nawo gawo pamaphunziro atsopano.Kuyesera kophunzitsaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakuchita opaleshoni ya msana ndipo kuyesa kwina kumafunika ngati kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzitsa maphunziro onse opaleshoni.
Timaphatikiza luso lojambula zithunzi za 3D ndi njira yophunzitsira ya PBL, kugonjetsa malire a njira zophunzitsira zachikhalidwe ndi zida zophunzitsira, ndikuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kaphatikizidwe kameneka mu maphunziro a zachipatala mu opaleshoni ya msana.Kutengera zotsatira za mayeso, zotsatira zoyeserera za ophunzira a gulu loyesera ndizabwino kuposa za ophunzira a gulu lowongolera (P <0.05), komanso chidziwitso chaukadaulo komanso kukhutira ndi maphunziro a ophunzira a gulu loyesera. nawonso ali abwino kuposa a ophunzira a gulu loyesera.gulu lolamulira (P<0.05).Zotsatira za kafukufuku wamafunso zinali zabwino kuposa za gulu lolamulira (P <0.05).Chifukwa chake, zoyeserera zathu zimatsimikizira kuti kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo wa PBL ndi 3DV ndikothandiza pothandiza ophunzira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupeza chidziwitso chaukadaulo, ndikuwonjezera chidwi chawo pakuphunzira.
Kuphatikiza kwa matekinoloje a PBL ndi 3DV kumatha kupititsa patsogolo luso lachipatala la ophunzira azachipatala pakuchita opaleshoni ya msana, kukulitsa luso la kuphunzira ndi chidwi cha ophunzira, ndikuthandizira kukulitsa kuganiza kwachipatala kwa ophunzira.Ukadaulo woyerekeza wa 3D uli ndi zabwino zambiri pakuphunzitsa zathupi, ndipo zotsatira zake zonse zophunzitsira ndizabwinoko kuposa njira yophunzitsira yachikhalidwe.
Zolemba zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi/kapena zowunikidwa mu kafukufuku wapano zikupezeka kuchokera kwa olemba omwe afunsidwa pazofunikira.Tilibe chilolezo choti tikweze nkhokwe.Chonde dziwani kuti data yonse ya kafukufuku sinadziwike kuti isungidwe zinsinsi.
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Dipatimenti ya Opaleshoni ya Msana, Chipatala cha Nthambi cha Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
Olemba onse adathandizira pamalingaliro ndi kapangidwe ka phunziroli.Kukonzekera kwazinthu, kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kusanthula kunachitika ndi Sun Maji, Chu Fuchao ndi Feng Yuan.Zolemba zoyambirira zolembedwa pamanja zidalembedwa ndi Chunjiu Gao, ndipo olemba onse adapereka ndemanga pazomasulira zam'mbuyomu.Olembawo anawerenga ndikuvomereza zolembedwa pamanja zomaliza.
Kafukufukuyu adavomerezedwa ndi Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital Ethics Committee (XYFY2017-JS029-01).Onse omwe adachita nawo adapereka chilolezo chodziwitsidwa musanayambe phunzirolo, maphunziro onse anali achikulire athanzi, ndipo phunzirolo silinaphwanye Declaration of Helsinki.Onetsetsani kuti njira zonse zikugwiridwa motsatira malangizo ndi malamulo oyenera.
Springer Nature salowerera ndale pazolinga zamalamulo pamapu osindikizidwa komanso mabungwe.
Tsegulani mwayi.Nkhaniyi imagawidwa pansi pa Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, yomwe imalola kugwiritsa ntchito, kugawana, kusintha, kugawa, ndi kutulutsa mumtundu uliwonse, malinga ngati mutapereka mwayi kwa wolemba ndi gwero loyambirira, malinga ngati chilolezo cha Creative Commons chikugwirizana ndikuwonetsa. ngati kusintha kwapangidwa.Zithunzi kapena zinthu zina zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zikuphatikizidwa pansi pa chilolezo cha Creative Commons cha nkhaniyi, pokhapokha ngati tafotokozeranso.Ngati zinthuzo sizinaphatikizidwe mu laisensi ya Creative Commons ya nkhaniyo ndipo zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito sizololedwa ndi lamulo kapena malamulo kapena kupitilira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kololedwa, mudzafunika kupeza chilolezo kuchokera kwa eni ake enieni.Kuti muwone kopi ya laisensiyi, pitani ku http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.The Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) chodzikanira pagulu la anthu chimagwira ntchito pazomwe zaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi, pokhapokha ngati talemba mwanjira ina.
Sun Ming, Chu Fang, Gao Cheng, et al.Kujambula kwa 3D kuphatikiza ndi njira yophunzirira yotengera zovuta pakuphunzitsa opaleshoni ya msana BMC Medical Education 22, 840 (2022).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03931-5
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Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-04-2023