Kuti muphunzire kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamaganizidwe a 3D ndi njira yophunzirira zovuta pakuphunzitsira matenda okhudzana ndi opaleshoni ya msana.
Pakuphunzira kwathunthu, ma 106 a maphunziro a zaka zisanu, mankhwala ochipatala "adasankhidwa kukhala nzika za phunziroli, omwe mu 2021 adzagwiritsira ntchito intaneti pachipatala cha a XUZHOU Zachipatala za Xuzhou Chalve University. Ophunzirawo adagawika m'magulu oyesera komanso owongolera, ndipo ophunzira 53 m'gulu lililonse. Gulu loyesera limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamaganizidwe a 3d ndi njira yophunzirira ya PBL, pomwe gulu lowongolera limagwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzirira. Pambuyo pa maphunziro, luso la maphunziro m'magulu awiriwa lidafanizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ndi mafunso.
Chiwerengero chonsecho pazoyeserera za ophunzira za gulu loyesera chinali chachikulu kuposa ophunzira a gulu lowongolera. Ophunzirawo a magulu awiriwa okhawokha adawunikira ana awo phunziroli, pomwe maphunziro a ophunzira a gulu loyesera anali okwera kuposa ophunzira a gulu loyendetsa (P <05). Chidwi chophunzira, malo ophunzirira, kuyanjana mkalasi, komanso kukhutitsidwa ndi kuphunzitsa kunali kwakukulu pakati pa ophunzira omwe ali mgulu la owongolera (P <0.05).
Kuphatikiza kwa ukadaulo wamaganizidwe a 3D ndi njira yophunzirira PBL pophunzitsa opaleshoni ya msana imalimbikitsa kuchita bwino kwa ophunzira kungalimbikitse kuchita bwino komanso chidwi cha ophunzira, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa matenda a ophunzira.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso komanso ukadaulo wazachipatala, funso la mtundu wa maphunziro azachipatala omwe angachepetse kuchokera kwa ophunzira azachipatala kupita ku madokotala mwachangu akhala chinthu chodera nkhawa. adakopa chidwi chambiri [1]. Zochita zachipatala ndi gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa malingaliro azachipatala ndi luso la ophunzira azachipatala. Makamaka, opareshoni amagwiritsa ntchito zofunika kwambiri pa luso la ophunzira komanso chidziwitso cha matupi aanthu.
Pakadali pano, njira zachikhalidwe zowerengera zokambirana zimayang'anirabe m'masukulu komanso mankhwala azachipatala [2]. Njira yophunzitsira yachikhalidwe ndi yophunzirira: Mphunzitsi amayima pa podium ndi kupereka chidziwitso kwa ophunzira kudzera mu njira zophunzitsira monga zolemba ndi magwiridwe a multimenduladia. Maphunzirowa amaphunzitsidwa ndi mphunzitsi. Ophunzira amamvetsera nkhani zambiri, mwayi wokambirana kwaulere ndi mafunso ndi ochepa. Zotsatira zake, njirayi imasanduka mosavuta kukhala mbali imodzi kwa aphunzitsi pomwe ophunzira amavomereza momwe zinthu ziliri. Chifukwa chake, pokambirana, aphunzitsi nthawi zambiri amaona kuti chidwi cha ophunzira chophunzira sichili chokwera, changu sichikhala chokwera, ndipo zotsatira zake sizabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, nkovuta kufotokoza momveka bwino za msana pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za 2d monga PPT, zotsatsa zojambula ndi zithunzi, ndipo sizophweka kuti ophunzira amvetsetse izi [3].
Mu 1969, njira yatsopano yophunzitsira, kuphunzira kochokera pamavuto (pbl), adayesedwa kusukulu ya Mcmaster ku Canada ku Canada. Mosiyana ndi njira zophunzitsira zachikhalidwe zophunzitsira, njira yophunzirira ya PBL imawathandiza ophunzira ngati njira yophunzirira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafunso oyenera pofuna kuphunzira, kukambirana komanso kuwafunsa mafunso m'malo mongovomera. , 5]. Pofuna kusanthula ndi kuthetsa mavuto, kukulitsa luso la ophunzira pophunzira pawokha komanso kuganiza [6]. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kukula kwa maluso azachipatala, njira zophunzitsira zamankhwala zathandizanso kwambiri. Tekinoloji yoyerekeza (3DV) imatenga data yaiwisi kuchokera pazithunzi zamankhwala, kuitanitsa mu pulogalamu yotsatsira ma 3d kumanganso, kenako ndikusintha deta kuti apange mtundu wa 3D. Njirayi imathetsa malire a chikhalidwe chophunzitsira, imalimbikitsa chidwi cha ophunzira munjira zambiri ndipo zimathandiza ophunzira mwachangu mabotolo (7, 8], makamaka mu maphunziro a Orthopedic. Chifukwa chake, nkhaniyi imaphatikiza njira ziwirizi kuti muphunzire zotsatira za kuphatikiza pbl ndi ukadaulo wa 3dv ndi njira zophunzirira zachikhalidwe pakugwiritsa ntchito. Zotsatira zake ndi izi.
Chinthu chophunzirira chinali ophunzira 106 omwe adalowa kuchipatala chathu mu 2021, omwe adagawika magulu oyeserera komanso owongolera pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lambiri, ophunzira 53 m'gulu lililonse. Gulu loyesera linali ndi amuna 25 amuna ndi 28 a zaka 23 mpaka 23, akutanthauza zaka 22.6 ± 0,8 zaka. Gulu lowongolera linaphatikizapo amuna 26 ndipo azimayi 27 ali ndi zaka 21 mpaka 24, azaka zapakati 22.6 ± 0,9 zaka, ophunzira onse akukhudzidwa. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu mu zaka ndi pakati pakati pa magulu awiriwa (P> 0.05).
Mpata wophatikizika ndi motere: (1) Ophunzira a Bachelor wanthawi zonse; (2) Ophunzira omwe amatha kufotokoza momveka bwino zakukhosi kwawo; . Njira zosasinthika ndizotsatira: (1) Ophunzira omwe sakumana ndi njira iliyonse yophatikizira; (2) Ophunzira omwe safuna kutenga nawo mbali maphunziro awa pa zifukwa zanu; (3) Ophunzira omwe ali ndi zokambirana za PBL.
Lowetsani deta ya CT CT muyezo wofanizira ndikuyika mtundu womwe wamangidwa mu pulogalamu yapadera yophunzitsira. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi mafupa mafupa, ma strimlebral discs ndi mitsempha ya msana (mkuyu. 1). Magawo osiyanasiyana amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo mawonekedwe amatha kukulitsidwa ndikusinthidwa monga momwe mungafunire. Ubwino waukulu wa njira imeneyi ndi imeneyo zigawo za CT zitha kuyikidwa pa mtundu ndikuwonekera magawo osiyanasiyana zitha kusinthidwa kuti zisapewe bwino.
mawonekedwe a kumbuyo ndi mbali. Mu l1, l3 ndi pelvis wa mtunduwo ndizowonekera. d Pambuyo potsatsa chithunzi cha CT CRED-gawo ndi mtundu, mutha kusuntha ndikukhazikitsa ndege zosiyanasiyana za CT. ex yophatikizidwa ya zithunzi za sagittal ct ndikugwiritsa ntchito malangizo obisika a L1 ndi L3
Zomwe zili zofunikira za maphunziro ndi motere: 1) Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda ofala mu opaleshoni ya msana; 2) Kudziwa kwa matupi a msana, kuganiza ndi kumvetsetsa za kupezeka ndi chitukuko cha matenda; 3) Makanema ogwiritsira ntchito pophunzitsa zinthu zofunika. Matenda a dokotala wa msana, 4) m'maganizo mwa matenda opatsirana opaleshoni ya msana, 5) Kudziwa zambiri zoyeserera kukumbukira, kuphatikizapo lingaliro la msana wa ma dennis atatu, komanso gulu la msana wa msana wa msana.
Gulu Loyesera: Njira yophunzitsira imaphatikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa PBL ndi 3D. Njirayi imaphatikizanso mbali zotsatirazi. 1) Kukonzekera kwa milandu ya opaleshoni ya msana: Kambiranani milandu ya cervical spondylosis, lumbar disction herdiction, ndi piramidi yosiyidwa, yomwe ili ndi vuto lililonse pazinthu zosiyanasiyana za chidziwitso. Milandu, mitundu ya 3d ndi makanema opaleshoni amatumizidwa kwa ophunzira sabata iliyonse isanayambe kalasi ndipo amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha 3 kuti ayese kudziwa kwa ana. 2) Pakadali woyamba: Mphindi 10 musanayambe kalasi, itanani ophunzira kuti aphunzire ena a PBL, limbikitsani ophunzira kuti atenga nawo mbali mwachangu, amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse, komanso ntchito mwanzeru. Gulu linachitika pambuyo popeza chilolezo cha onse otenga nawo mbali. Tengani ophunzira 8 mpaka 10 mgulu, ogwera m'magulu ofuna kusankha zochita, ganizirani za kuphunzira, poyankha, pomaliza, lembani zokambirana. Sankhani wophunzira ndi maluso olimba komanso owoneka bwino ngati mtsogoleri wa gulu kuti azikambirana nawo zokambirana ndi ulaliki. 3) Kuwongolera kwa aphunzitsi: Aphunzitsi amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi yofotokozerani zokambirana za msana wosagwirizana, ndipo lolani ophunzira kuti agwiritse ntchito pulogalamuyi kuti agwiritse ntchito, amasinthana ndi minofu ya minofu; Kuti mumvetsetse zakukhosi ndi kuloweza kapangidwe ka matendawa, ndikuwathandiza kuti aganize zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwakukulu komwe kumayambika, chitukuko ndi matenda. 4) Kusinthana kwa malingaliro ndi zokambirana. Poyankha mafunso omwe atchulidwa kalasi isanachitike, perekani zokambirana za ophunzira ndikuyitanitsa mtsogoleri aliyense kuti afotokozere zotsatira za zokambirana zamagulu mukakhala nthawi yokwanira pokambirana. Panthawi imeneyi, gululi lingafunse mafunso ndi kuthandizana wina ndi mnzake, pomwe mphunzitsi ayenera kulemba mosamala ndikumvetsetsa mapangidwe a ophunzira komanso mavuto omwe amagwirizana nawo. 5) Chidule: Tikamakambirana ophunzirawo, aphunzitsi apereka ndemanga pa ophunzira a ophunzira, mwachidule mafunso ena ofala, ndikuwonetsa njira yophunzirira TSL.
Gulu lowongolera limagwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzirira zachikhalidwe, kuphunzitsa ophunzira kuti awonetsetse zomwe zidalipo. Kuchititsa nthano, aphunzitsi amagwiritsa ntchito zoyera, maphunziro a multimedia, mavidiyo, zitsanzo zitsanzo ndi zothandizira zina zophunzitsira, komanso kulinganiza maphunziro malinga ndi zomwe amaphunzitsazo. Monga chowonjezera pamaphunziro, njirayi imayang'ana pamavuto oyenera ndi mfundo zazikulu za buku. Pambuyo pa nkhaniyo, mphunzitsiyo adafotokoza mwachidule nkhaniyo ndikulimbikitsa ophunzirawo kuloweza ndikumvetsetsa chidziwitso.
Malinga ndi zomwe zimaphunzitsidwazo, mayeso otsekedwa adalandira. Mafunso omwe ali ndi cholinga amasankhidwa kuchokera ku mafunso oyenera omwe adafunsidwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala zaka zapitazo. Mafunso ogwiritsira ntchito amapangidwa ndi dipatimenti ya Ortopdics ndipo pamapeto pake adayesa ndi mamembala aukadaulo omwe samayesa mayeso. Kutenga nawo mbali pophunzira. Chizindikiro chonse cha mayeso ndi mfundo zana, ndipo zomwe zimachitika makamaka: ; 2) Mafunso ogwiritsira ntchito (mafunso a kusanthula kwa milandu), makamaka oyang'ana kumvetsetsa ndi kusanthula kwa matenda ndi ophunzira, omwe ndi 50% ya chiwerengero chonse.
Pamapeto pa maphunzirowa, wokayikitsa komwe kumachitika mbali ziwiri ndi mafunso asanu ndi anayiwo anafotokozedwa. Zomwe zili zofunikira za mafunso amenewa zikugwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa patebulo, ndipo ophunzira ayenera kuyankha mafunso omwe ali ndi zilembo 10 mfundo ndi chizindikiro cha 1 point. Zambiri zimawonetsa kukhutira kwakukulu kwa ophunzira. Mafunso omwe ali pagome 2 ali pafupi kuphatikiza mitundu ya pbl ndi 3dv angathandize ophunzira kumvetsetsa bwino akatswiri. Gome 3 zinthu zikuwonetsa kukhutitsidwa kwa ophunzira ndi onse ophunzirira.
Zambiri zimasanthulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Stess Pulogalamu ya SCES; Zotsatira zoyesedwa zinafotokozedwa monga kutanthauza kuti kupatuka kokhazikika (x ± s). Zambiri zimasanthulidwa ndi Aniva, deta yoyenerera idasanthulidwa ndi mayesedwe a χ2, ndipo kukonza kwa Bonferoni kunagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza zingapo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu (P <0.05).
Zotsatira za kusanthula kwamagulu awiriwa kunawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mafunso (mafunso angapo osankhidwa) kwa ophunzira a gulu la owongolera anali okwera kwambiri kuposa ophunzira (P <0.05), ndi zambiri Mwa ophunzira a gulu lowongolera anali okwera kwambiri, kuposa ophunzira a gulu loyesera (P <0,05). Zambiri mwa mafunso omwe akufunsidwa (mafunso ophatikizika) kwa ophunzira a gulu loyesera anali okwera kwambiri kuposa ophunzira a gulu la oyang'anira (P <01), onani tebulo. 1.
Mafunso osadziwika adagawidwa pambuyo pa makalasi onse. M'mafunso onse 106 adagawidwa, 106 adabwezeretsedwa, pomwe kuwongolera kunali 100.0%. Mitundu yonse yatha. Kufanizira zotsatira za kafukufuku wa mafunso pamlingo wina wa akatswiri pakati pa magulu awiriwa adawonetsa kuti ophunzira azochita zoyeserera, adalinganiza kagulu ka matenda, etc. pa . Kusiyanako kunali kofunikira kwambiri (P <0.05) monga tawonera patebulo 2.
Kuyerekeza mayankho kwa mafunso okhudzana ndi kuphunzitsa pakati pa magulu awiriwa: ophunzira omwe ali pagulu la ophunzira omwe ali m'gulu la chidwi chophunzira, mogwirizana mkalasi, kulumikizana ndi chiphunzitso. Kusiyanako kunali kofunikira kwambiri (P <0.05). Zambiri zimawonetsedwa mu tebulo 3.
Ndi kudzikundikira kosalekeza ndikukula kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, makamaka pamene tikulowa m'zaka za m'ma 2000 zino, ntchito zipatala zikuyamba kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ophunzira azachipatala amatha kusintha mwachangu kuntchito zamankhwala ndikupanga talente zapamwamba kwambiri kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito, chikhalidwe chogwirizana komanso njira yophunzirira yothetsera mavuto. Chitsanzo chachikhalidwe cha maphunziro azachipatala m'dziko langa chimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri mu kalasi, zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe, komanso njira yodziwikiratu yomwe ingakwaniritse zofunikira pa maphunziro anzeru [9]. Komabe, maphunziro awa angayambitse kusiyana pakati pa chiphunzitso ndikuchita, kuchepa kwa ophunzira omwe akuphunzira, kulephera kudziwa matenda ovuta muchipatala ndipo, chifukwa chake, sangakwaniritse zofunikira zamankhwala zapamwamba Maphunziro. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa opaleshoni ya msana m'dziko langa kwakwera mwachangu, ndipo chiphunzitso cha opaleshoni ya msana chakumana ndi mavuto atsopano. Pa maphunziro a ophunzira azachipatala, gawo lovuta kwambiri la opaleshoni ndi orthopedics, makamaka opaleshoni ya msana. Malangizo a Chidziwitso ndi ocheperako ndipo samadetsa nkhawa sikuti ndi matenda, komanso kuvulala ndi mafupa. Malingaliro awa samangochitika komanso ovuta, komanso ofanana ndi anatomy, matenda, Kuyerekeza, ma rimetchanics, ndi matchulidwe ena, ndikupangitsa kuti zomwe azikhala nazo zisamvetsetse ndikukumbukira. Nthawi yomweyo, madera ambiri a spinasi akukula mwachangu, ndipo zomwe zili m'mabuku omwe alipo ndi kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa aphunzitsi kuti aziphunzitsa. Chifukwa chake, kusintha njira yophunzitsira yachikhalidwe komanso kuphatikiza zomwe zachitika posachedwapa mu kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi kungapangitse kuti ophunzira azolowere aziganiza bwino, ndipo limbikitsani ophunzira kuganiza mozama. Zolakwa izi zomwe zikuphunzira panopo zikufunika kulowa nawo mwachangu kuti mufufuze malire ndi malire omwe amangodziwa zamankhwala komanso kuthana ndi zopinga zachikhalidwe [10].
Mtundu wa PBL ndi njira yophunzirira wophunzira. Kudzera mwa kudzipereka, kuphunzira modzidalira komanso kukambirana, ophunzira atha kuleka chidwi chawo ndikusunthira kuchokera kungolandila kwa chidziwitso pakuphunzitsa kwa aphunzitsi. Poyerekeza ndi njira yophunzirira zokambirana zokambirana, ophunzira omwe akuphunzira nawo PBL ali ndi nthawi yokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito zolemba pamafunso, ganizirani mayankho a mafunso, ndikuganiza mitu yokhudzana ndi gulu. Njirayi imapanga luso la ophunzira kuti aziganiza modziyimira pawokha, pezani mavuto komanso kuthana ndi mavuto [11]. Mukukambirana kwaulere, ophunzira osiyanasiyana akhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa nkhani yomweyo, yomwe imapatsa ophunzira pulatifomu kuti iwonjezere malingaliro awo. Pangani luso la kulingalira ndi kulingalira mwa kulingalira mopitilira muyeso, ndikupanga luso loyaka pamkamwa ndi gulu la gulu loyankhulirana kudzera mu kulumikizana pakati pa ophunzira asukulu [12]. Chofunika kwambiri, kuphunzitsa kwa PBL kumathandizira ophunzira kuti amvetsetse, kulinganiza ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso choyenera, mbuye woyenera kuphunzitsa ndikusintha luso lawo [13]. Pamaphunziro athu, tapeza kuti ophunzira anali ndi chidwi chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yophunzitsa a 3D kuposa momwe timakhalira njira. Bwino kuposa gulu lowongolera. Aphunzitsi ayenera kulimbikitsa ophunzira kuti azilankhula molimba mtima, kukulitsa chidziwitso cha ophunzira, ndipo chimalimbikitsa chidwi chawo pakutenga nawo mbali pokambirana. Zotsatira zoyesedwa zikuwonetsa kuti, molingana ndi chidziwitso cha kukumbukira kwamakina, ophunzira omwe ali m'gulu loyeserayo ndi wotsika kuposa gulu la owongolera, komabe, pakuwunika kwamisonkhano, amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso choyenera, The Kugwirira ntchito kwa ophunzira mu gulu loyesera kuli bwino kuposa gulu lowongolera, lomwe limagogomezera ubale pakati pa 3dv ndi woyang'anira gulu. Ubwino wophatikiza mankhwala achikhalidwe. Njira yophunzitsira ya PBL ikufuna kukulitsa luso la ophunzira.
Chiphunzitso cha matupi a mano ndi pakatikati pa chiphunzitso cha dokotala wa msana. Chifukwa cha malo ovuta a msana komanso kuti opareshoni imaphatikizapo minofu yofunika monga chingwe cha msana, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mitsempha yamagazi, ophunzira amafunikira kuti aphunzire. M'mbuyomu, ophunzira adagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ziwiri monga zilembo ndi zithunzi za vidiyo kufotokoza zomwe zikuyenera, koma ngakhale zidali ndi zinthu zambiri, ophunzira alibe nzeru pankhaniyi, zomwe zidavuta kumvetsetsa. Poganizira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya msana komanso yathanzi ya msana, monga ubale pakati pa mitsempha ya msana ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika, pazinthu zina zofunika komanso zovuta, monga mawonekedwe a khomo la khomo la cervical vertebral. Ophunzira ambiri adanenanso kuti zomwe zidachitidwa opaleshoni za msana sizobisika, ndipo sizingamvetsetse bwino panthawi yomwe amaphunzira, ndipo amaphunzira zambiri pantchito yeniyeni.
Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa 3d, wolembayo amapereka ophunzira momveka bwino zithunzi za 3D, zina zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha ntchito monga kuzungulira, kukula ndi kuwonekera, zithunzi za msana ndi zithunzi za CT zitha kuonedwa mu zigawo. Maonekedwe ongoyerekeza a thupi la vertibal amatha kuwonedwa bwino, komanso amalimbikitsa chidwi cha ophunzira kuti apeze chithunzi chotopetsa cha msana. Ndiponso chidziwitso cholimbikitsa m'munda wamaso. Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo ndi zida zophunzitsira zakale, ntchito yosinthira yowoneka bwino imatha kuthetsa vuto lothana ndi anthu osowa, ndipo ndizosavuta kwa ophunzira kuti aziwona mawonekedwe abwino a anatomical, makamaka kwa oyamba. Ophunzira amatha kugwira ntchito momasuka bola atabweretsa makompyuta awo, ndipo palibe chindapusa chilichonse. Njirayi ndi njira yabwino yophunzitsira mwachikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito zifanizo za 2D. Mu kafukufukuyu, gulu lowongolera lomwe linakhala bwino pa mafunso othandiza, kuwonetsa kuti mtundu wophunzirira kuphunzitsa sungakane kwathunthu ndipo ali ndi phindu muchipatala cha opaleshoni ya msana. Izi zidatipangitsa kuti tiganizire ngati kuphatikiza njira zophunzirira zachikhalidwe ndi ma pbl omwe amapezeka ndi makina a 3d omwe amapezeka ndi mayeso a mayeso a 3D, akuwongolera mayeso osiyanasiyana, kuti apititse patsogolo maphunziro. Komabe, sizikumveka ngati njira ziwiri izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndipo ngati ophunzira angavomereze kuphatikiza kotero, komwe kungakhale chitsogozo chofufuza zamtsogolo. Kafukufukuyu amakumananso ndi zovuta zina monga momwe zingakhalire zotsimikizira kuti ophunzira atamaliza kufunsa kuti akwaniritse nawo motsatira njira yatsopano yophunzitsira. Kuyesereraku kumachitika kokha m'malingaliro a msana komanso kuyesedwa kwinaku kumafunikira ngati zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chiphunzitso cha maphunziro onse a opaleshoni.
Timaphatikiza ukadaulo wamaganizidwe a 3D ndi makina ophunzitsira a PBL, kuthana ndi malire a njira zophunzitsira ndi zida zophunzitsira, ndikuphunzira ntchito yophunzitsira iyi pakuyeserera kwa dokotala. Poona zotsatira za mayesowo, zotsatira za ophunzira za ophunzira za gulu loyesera ndizabwino kuposa ophunzira a gulu la oyang'anira (P <0.05), ndi chidziwitso cha ophunzira a gulu loyesera. Ndibwinonso kuposa ophunzira a gulu loyesera. Gulu Lolamulira (P <0.05). Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu anali bwino kuposa gulu la anthu owongolera (P <0.05). Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kwathu kutsimikizira kuti kuphatikiza matekinoloje a PBL ndi 3dv ndikofunikira pakuthandiza ophunzira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, pezani chidziwitso chaukadaulo, ndikuwonjezera chidwi chawo chophunzira.
Kuphatikiza kwa matekinoloje a PBL ndi 3dv kumatha kusintha bwino ntchito ya matenda a ophunzira am'madzi omwe ali opaleshoni ya msana, kuwonjezera luso la ophunzira, chidwi cha ophunzira, ndipo thandizani kukulitsa maphunziro a ophunzira, ndikuthandizira kukulitsa maphunziro a ophunzira. Tekinolojekinoloje ya 3D ili ndi ubwino wofunikira pakuphunzitsa anatomy, ndipo chiphunzitso chonsecho ndichabwino kuposa njira yophunzitsira yachikhalidwe.
Zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso / kapena kusanthula pophunzira pano zikupezeka kuchokera kwa olemba omwe amafunsidwa. Tilibe chilolezo chofuna kuyika zosungira ku nkhokwe. Chonde dziwani kuti zambiri zophunzirira zadziwika chifukwa cha zinsinsi.
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Dipatimenti Yochita opaleshoni ya msana, Xuzhou Chachipatala cha nthambi, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
Olemba onse adathandizira lingaliro ndi kapangidwe ka kafukufukuyu. Kukonzekera zakuthupi, kusonkhanitsidwa kwa deta ndi kusanthula kwa Dzuwa kumachitika ndi Dzuwa Maji, Chihu Fung ndi Feng Yuan. Kukonzekera koyamba kwa zolemba pamanja zomwe zidalembedwa ndi Chichajiu Gao, ndipo olemba onse adalemba m'magazini am'mbuyomu. Olembawo amawerenga ndikuvomereza zolemba zomaliza.
Kafukufukuyu adavomerezedwa ndi yunivesin ya Xuzhou Yachipatala yogundana ndi Chipatala Ophunzira onse adapereka chidziwitso chodziwikiratu asanaphunzire, maphunziro onse anali achikulire athanzi, ndipo phunziroli silinaphwanye mawu a Helsinki. Onetsetsani kuti njira zonse zimachitikira molingana ndi malangizo ndi malangizo oyenera.
Chikhalidwe cha Springr sichimalowerera paudindo pa mapu osindikizidwa map ndi mabungwe.
Kutseguka Kufikira. Nkhaniyi imagawidwa pansi pa malo opangira nyumba 4.0 Chilolezo cha International, omwe amalola, kugawana, kugawa, ndikupanga ulalo walangizi wopanga ndikuwonetsa Ngati zosintha zachitika. Zithunzi kapena zinthu zina zachitatu m'nkhaniyi zimaphatikizidwa ndi chilolezo cha commative common cha nkhaniyi, pokhapokha chikadziwika kuti mwanena ndi nkhaniyi. Ngati zinthuzo sizikuphatikizidwa mu nkhani ya zolengedwa za zolengedwa ndi zomwe mukufuna siziloledwa ndi lamulo kapena lamulo kapena kupitilira zomwe zimaloledwa, muyenera kupeza chilolezo kuchokera kwa mwini wanu. Kuti muwone buku la layisensi iyi, pitani http://creatcommons.org/costicts/by/4/2/. Commons yopanga (http://creatcommons.org/publibrodmain/zeri,)
Dzuwa mng, ch fang, Gao Cheng, et al. Maganizidwe ophatikizidwa ndi mtundu wophunzirira pophunzitsa opaleshoni ya msana BMC Medical Maphunziro a BMC 22, 840 (2022). https://doi.org /0.1186/s12909-023-031-5
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Post Nthawi: Sep-04-2023