Venipuncture kayeseleledwe kwa odwala standardized

① Kuyerekezera odwala okhazikika kuti agone, mapewa atatambasulidwa,

mutu pansi ndikutembenukira kumanzere, mawonekedwe ofewa, kukhudza kwenikweni, mawonekedwe a chithunzicho ndi owona;

② malo olondola a anatomical: clavicle, clavice sternal end, sternocleidomastoid muscle, the

fossa yapamwamba ya sternum, umbilicus, groin, inguinal ligament ndi zizindikiro zina zapathupi.

akhoza kuzindikira bwino;

③ Kuyerekeza kwamagetsi kwa carotid artery pulsation, femoral artery pulsation;

④ zotheka mkati mwa jugular mtsempha puncture maphunziro, subclavia mtsempha puncture, kunja

maphunziro a mtsempha wamtsempha wa m'mitsempha,kuphunzitsa kubowola kwa mtsempha wachikazi, kubowola ndi kumva kugwa,