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Mano amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cholondola kwambiri cha zaka zamunthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira. Tinkafuna kutsimikizira zaka zam'mano poyerekeza ndi kulondola kwa madokotala komanso kugwira ntchito kalasi ya zaka 18 ndi njira zachikhalidwe komanso zaka zosafunikira za data. Ma radiograph okwana 267 a Payoramic adasonkhanitsidwa ku Korea ndi achi Japan zaka 15 mpaka 23. Adagawika m'maphunziro, chilichonse chomwe chili ndi ma radiograph a 900, ndipo mayeso amkati okhala ndi ma radiograph a 857. Tinayerekezera kulondola kwa gulu la kagulu kazinthu komanso kuchita bwino kwa njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimayesedwa ndi mitundu ya migodi. Kulondola kwa njira yachikhalidwe yomwe imayesedwa yamkati imakhala yokwera pang'ono kuposa mtundu wa migodi ya data, ndipo kusiyana kwake ndi pang'ono (zaka 0.21 Kutanthauza Zaka 0.24). Kugwirira ntchito kalasi kwa zaka 18 zofanana pakati pa njira zachikhalidwe ndi mitundu ya ma deta. Chifukwa chake, njira zachikhalidwe zitha kusinthidwa ndi mitundu ya migodi ya data mukamachita chidwi ndi msinkhu wazinthu zomwe zikugwiritsa ntchito molambi wa sekondale wachiwiri ndi wachitatu ku achinyamata aku Korea ndi achinyamata.
Kuwerengera kwa mano kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamankhwala apansi komanso mankhwala a ana. Makamaka, chifukwa cha kuphatikizidwa kwakukulu pakati pa nthawi yakale, kuwunika kwamano, kuwunika kwamadongosolo mwa ma deno carth ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakuwunikira zaka za ana ndi achinyamata. Komabe, kwa achinyamata, kuwerengera za m'badwo wa mano pokhwima mano ali ndi malire chifukwa kukula kwa mano kuli pafupifupi kumaliza, kupatula ma molars achitatu. Cholinga chovomerezeka chodziwitsa zaka za achinyamata ndi achinyamata ndikupereka chipembedzo cholondola komanso umboni wa asayansi ngati afika zaka zambiri. Mu mankhwala maluso ovomerezeka ndi achichepere ndi achinyamata ku Korea, zaka zambiri zinkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Lee, ndipo mpaka zaka 18 zidanenedweratu kutengera zomwe zili ndi Ah 5.
Kuphunzira kwamakina ndi mtundu wa luntha laukadaulo (AI) lomwe limaphunzirira mobwerezabwereza ndikugawana deta yambiri, amathetsa mavuto pawokha, ndikuyendetsa mapulogalamu. Kuphunzira makina kumatha kudziwa zobisika zobisika m'mayunitsi yayikulu ya data. Mosiyana ndi izi, njira zachikale, zomwe zikuwononga kwambiri komanso nthawi yambiri, zimatha kukhala ndi malire polimbana ndi mafano akuluakulu azovuta zomwe zimawavuta. Chifukwa chake, maphunziro ambiri adapangidwa posachedwapa kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apakompyuta aposachedwa kuti achepetse zolakwika za anthu komanso kukonza zinthu zambiri moyenera deta8,9,10,10,11,12. Makamaka, kuphunzira mozama kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakusanthula kwachipatala, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikuwunika mwadzidzidzi ma radiography zafotokozedwa kuti zikuwongolera kulondola komanso mwaluso . Mwachitsanzo, Halabi et al 13 adapanga makina kuphunzira ma algorithm Nearackecks (CNN) kuti muwone zigawenga za chigoba (CNN) kuti muwone m'badwo wa mafupa ogwiritsa ntchito matodi a ana. Kafukufukuyu amalimbikitsa mtundu womwe umagwira ntchito pophunzira zamankhwala ndikuwonetsa kuti njirazi zimatha kusintha makope ozindikira. Li et al14 AL14 AL14 ALSONS Zithunzi za ku Pelvic X-ray pogwiritsa ntchito CNN ndikuwafanizira ndi zotsatira za remiction Adapeza kuti mtundu wophunzirira CNN uja udawonetsa zaka zambiri monga momwe amasinthira. Guo et al. Phunziro [Chithunzi patsamba 15]
Maphunziro ambiri azaka zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito maphunziro amakina amagwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzirira zakuthandizani pophunzira mwakukulu za133,16,18,10. Lingaliro la zaka zochokera pakuphunzira kwambiri zanenedwa kuti ndi lolondola kuposa njira zachikhalidwe. Komabe, njirayi imapereka mwayi pang'ono kupereka maziko a sayansi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zaka, monga zaka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza. Palinso mkangano wovomerezeka wa yemwe amachititsa masinjidwe. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengera zaka zochokera pa kuphunzira kwakukuru sikovuta kuvomereza ndi oyang'anira komanso oweruza. Migodi ya data (DM) ndi njira yomwe ingapeze pongoyembekezera komanso osayembekezereka monga njira yopezera mayanjano ambiri a Data ambiri6,21,22. Kuphunzira kwamakina nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu migodi ya deta, ndipo maphunziro onse a ndalama ndi makina ophunzirira amagwiritsa ntchito algorithms omwewo kuti apeze njira. Kuwerengera Kwakakulu Pogwiritsa ntchito mano kumadalira kuwunika kwa mayeso a kukhwima mano, ndipo kuwunika kumeneku kumawonetsedwa ngati gawo la dzino lililonse landamale. DM itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusanthula kulumikizana kwadongosolo lamadongosolo komanso zaka zenizeni ndipo ndizotheka kusintha kusanthula kwachikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito njira za DM monga zaka zambiri, titha kugwiritsa ntchito pophunzira nawo m'magulu oyang'anira nkhaniyo popanda kuda nkhawa za ngongole yalamulo. Kafukufuku angapo mafananidwe adasindikizidwa pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito njira zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi njira za EBM kuti mudziwe za m'badwo wa mano. Shen et al23 idawonetsa kuti mtundu wa DM ndi wolondola kuposa wachikhalidwe. GalipourG et al24 imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za DM kulosera molingana ndi vuto la a Demirjian 225 ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti njira ya DM yomwe ikupangidwira zaka za ku France.
Kuti muyerekeze za m'badwo wa anthu a mano aku Korea ndi achinyamata achinyamata, njira ya Lee 4 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Korea. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwachikhalidwe (monga kusinthika kangapo) kuti ayang'anire ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa maphunziro a ku Korea ndi m'badwo wa m'badwo. Mu kafukufukuyu, njira zowerengera zomwe zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zimafotokozedwa ngati "njira zachikhalidwe." Njira ya Lee ndi njira yachikhalidwe, ndipo kulondola kwake kwatsimikiziridwa ndi oh et al. 5; Komabe, kugwirira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri kutengera mtundu wa DM ku Korea ukayimbidwe. Cholinga chathu chinali chotsimikizira kuti zingakhale bwino kwambiri zomwe zingakhale bwino malinga ndi mtundu wa DM. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali (1) kuyerekezera kulondola kwa mitundu iwiri ya DM pakusindikiza kwa zaka 18 ndi zaka 18 ndi omwe amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe chachiwiri ndi ma molars achitatu mu nsagwada.
Njira ndi Zokhazikika Zosakhazikika pazaka zam'manja ndi mtundu wa mano zimawonetsedwa pa intaneti. Mfundo za Kappa za kudalirika kwa intra- ndi intuborserver yomwe idapezeka kuchokera ku maphunziro omwe anali pa 0,951 ndi 0.947, motsatana. Puble Pure ndi 95% kudandaula kwa kappa komwe kumawonetsedwa mu tebulo lowonjezera pa intaneti S4. Mtengo wa Kappa unatanthauziridwa kuti "pafupifupi wangwiro", wogwirizanitsa ndi njira za dziko ndi Koch26.
Poyerekeza zolakwika (Mae), njira yachikhalidwe pang'ono yosinthira mawonekedwe a DM kwa onse a Genders ndi mayeso achimuna akunja, kupatula mwa milctrader sercerone (mlp). Kusiyana pakati pa mtundu wachikhalidwe ndi mtundu wa DM pa mayeso amkati mwa anayi anali zaka 0.12-0.19 kwa amuna ndi 0.17-0.11 Zaka 0.11 kwa akazi. Kuti muyesere batire yakunja, kusiyana ndi kocheperako (0,001-0.05 kwa abambo ndi 0,05-0.09 kwa akazi). Kuphatikiza apo, mizu imatanthawuza cholakwika chachikulu (RMSE) ndilotsika pang'ono kuposa njira yachikhalidwe, yokhala ndi kusiyana pang'ono (0.17-0.2-0.2-0.04-0.04-0.08-08-08 kuti muyesedwe kunja). ). MLP ikuwonetsa bwino magwiridwe antchito pang'ono kuposa secpron (slide), kupatula momwe amayeserera kwa akazi. Kwa Mae ndi RMSE, mayeso akunja omwe amakhala okwera kwambiri kuposa mayeso amkati kwa amuna ndi akazi. Onse a Mae ndi RMSE akuwonetsedwa mu tebulo 1 ndi Chithunzi 1.
Mae ndi rmese ya migodi yachikhalidwe komanso data. Kutanthauza kulakwitsa kwathunthu Mae, roor amatanthauza cholakwika chachikulu rmse, umodzi wosanjikiza peprocno slp, milctraner Perceron mlp, njira yachikhalidwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka 18 27 (Chithunzi 2, Chithunzi 2 ndi Chithunzi 1 pa intaneti). Pankhani ya chidwi cha batire yamkati, njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimachitikira bwino kwambiri pakati pa amuna ndi zoyipa pakati pa akazi. Komabe, kusiyana kwa kagulu kazake pakati pa njira zachikhalidwe ndi SD ndi 9.7% kwa amuna (MLP) ndi 2.4% yokha ya akazi (XGboost). Pakati pa mitundu ya DM, kuwongolera kwamilandu (LR) kunawonetsa bwino kwambiri amuna ndi akazi. Ponena za kuyesa kwamkati, kunawonedwa kuti mitundu inayi ya SD inachita bwino amuna, pomwe zitsanzo zachikhalidwe zimachita bwino mwa akazi. Kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi 13.3% (MLP) ndi 13.1% (MLP), kuwonetsa kuti kusiyana komwe kumapitilira. Mwa mitundu ya DM, makina othandizira vector (SVM), mtengo wazisankho (dt), ndi nkhalango wamba (rf) zopangidwa bwino kwambiri pakati pa akazi. AUROC ya mtundu wachikhalidwe ndi mitundu yonse ya SD inali yayikulu kuposa 0,925 (k -nansi yapafupi (k-yapafupi) mwa amuna), akuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pa zitsanzo za zaka 1828. Pakuyesedwa kwakunja, panali kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito pankhani ya kukhudzidwa, mwachindunji ndi Auroc poyerekeza ndi mayeso amkati. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana kwa chidwi komanso kutanthauzira pakati pa njira zolumikizirana zabwino kwambiri komanso zoyipa kwambiri kuchokera pa 10% mpaka 25% ndipo inali yayikulu kuposa kusiyana komwe kumayesedwa mkati.
Chidwi ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ya minofu ya data poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe ndi zodetsa zaka 18. K Kvn K chapafupi mnansi, Chithandizo cha SVm Chothandizira vekitala, chiphunzitso cha LR, mtengo wosankha, RF Forest, XGB XGboost, Njira yachikhalidwe.
Gawo loyamba mu kafukufukuyu linali kuyerekezera kulondola kwa ziwonetsero zam'mano zomwe zapezeka kuchokera kuzinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri za DM ndi omwe amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zachikhalidwe. Mae ndi rmse adawunikidwa m'mayeso amkati a akazi, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa njira yachikhalidwe ndi masiku 77 mpaka 77 masiku a mae ndi 88 mpaka maola 88 a RMSE. Ngakhale njira yachikhalidwe inali yolondola pang'ono pa kafukufukuyu, ndizovuta kuganiza kuti kusiyana pang'ono kumatanthauza tanthauzo la zamankhwala kapena chothandiza. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti kulondola kwa madongosolo a mano pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa DM ali wofanana ndi njira yachikhalidwe. Kuyerekeza mwachindunji ndi zotsatira za maphunziro am'mbuyomu ndizovuta chifukwa palibe kafukufuku yemwe amayerekezera ndi njira zowerengera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi monga mu kafukufukuyu. GaligourG al24 yofanizira mae ndi rmse pakati pa njira ziwiri zachikhalidwe (njira ya Degrian Njira25 ndi Njira ya Willems) ndi 10 DM ku Fre ku France, zaka 2 mpaka 24. Adanenanso kuti mitundu yonse ya DM inali yolondola kwambiri kuposa njira zachikhalidwe, mosiyana ndi zaka 0,35 ku Mae ndi 0.25 ndi zaka 0,47 ndi njira zamphamvu. Kusintha pakati pa njira za SD ndi zachikhalidwe zomwe zawonetsedwa mu kafukufuku wa Halibourg amayamba kunena kuti njira yamphamvu sinayerekeze kuti katswiri wa mano ku France mu phunziroli. Tai et al 34 imagwiritsa ntchito mlglutithm kulosera za zaka zapakati pa 1636 Zithunzi za Orthodontic ndikuyerekeza zolondola ndi zotsatira za njira ya Demirjian ndi Willems. Adanenanso kuti mlp ali ndi kulondola kwakukulu kuposa njira zachikhalidwe. Kusiyana pakati pa njira yamphamvu yamphamvu komanso njira yachikhalidwe ndi <0,52 zaka, ndipo zaka za Willem ndi zaka 0,28, zomwe zikufanana ndi zotsatira za phunziroli. Zotsatira za Maphunziro apitawa, zimagwirizananso ndi zotsatira za phunziroli, ndipo zaka zambiri ziwonetserozi ndizofanana. Komabe, kutengera zotsatira zoperekedwa, titha kunena mosamala kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya DM kuti muwonere njira zomwe zilipo chifukwa cha kusowa komwe kuli kofananira ndi kutchula kafukufuku wakale. Kutsatira maphunziro pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zazikulu zazikulu kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu.
Pakati pa maphunziro omwe akutsutsa kulondola kwa SD powerengera zaka za mano, ena adawonetsa kulondola kwambiri kuposa momwe timaphunzirira. A Statuanovsky et al 35 amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu 22 ya anthu okhala ndi ma radiogram a 976 ku Czechgragy wazaka 2.7 mpaka 20,5 zaka ndipo adayesa kulondola kwa mtundu uliwonse. Anayeza chitukuko cha 16 chapamwamba mano osakhazikika omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapangidwira zomwe zimapangidwira molorree et al 36. Mae amachokera ku 0,64 mpaka 0,94 mpaka zaka za RME ndi RMSE kuchokera ku 0,85 mpaka zaka 1.27, zomwe ndizolondola kwambiri kuposa mitundu iwiri ya DM yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu. Shen et al23 Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya ngamila kuti muyerekeze mano asanu ndi awiri okhazikika kumapeto kwa anthu akum'mawa kwa zaka 5 mpaka 13 Anawonetsa kuti mitundu yonse ya DM ili ndi kulondola kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi miyambo yachikhalidwe. Mae ndi RMSE mu kafukufuku wa Shen anali otsika kuposa omwe ali munthawi ya DM mu kafukufukuyu. Kuwongolera kowonjezereka kwa maphunzirowo ndi Steanovsky et al. 35 Ndipo Shen et al. 23 ikhoza kukhala chifukwa chophatikizidwa ndi asitikali achichepere mu zitsanzo zawo. Chifukwa chakuti kuli m'badwo wokhala ndi mano opanga mano atachulukirachulukira pakukula kwa mano, njira zomwe zimachitika m'badwo wa mano zitha kusokonezedwa pomwe maphunziro a omwe ali ndi zaka zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la MLP mu mamita azaka zake ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa slip, kutanthauza kuti MLP imalondola kuposa slide. MLP imawonedwa bwino pang'ono ndi nthano yazaka, mwina chifukwa cha zigawo zobisika mu mlp38. Komabe, palibe chosiyana ndi zitsanzo za akazi (slp 1.45, mlp 1.49). Kupeza kuti mlp ndiyolondola kwambiri kuposa momwe mungakhalire muubwana kumafuna maphunziro owonjezera.
Kugwirira ntchito kwa DM Model ndi njira zachikhalidwe pathanthwe 18 zikufaniziridwanso. Mitundu yonse yoyesedwa ndi mitundu ya SD ndi njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimayesedwa mkati mwake zidawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kusala kwa zaka 18. Kumva chidwi kwa abambo ndi amayi kunali kwakukulu kuposa 87.7% ndi 94.9%, motsatana, komanso mwachindunji ndi akulu kuposa 89.3% ndi 84.7%. Auroc a mitundu yonse yoyeserera imapitilira 0,925. Mwa kudziwa kwathu, palibe kafukufuku yemwe adayesa magwiridwe a DM mtundu wa zaka 18 potengera deno la mano. Titha kuyerekezera zotsatira za kafukufukuyu ndi magwiridwe antchito a mitundu yophunzirira kwambiri ma radiograogrance. Guo et al.15 Kuwerengera kagulu ka CNN-Phunziro Lakukulu la CNN ndi njira yamanda yotengera njira ya Demarjian kwa zaka zina. Kumverera kwa njirayi inali 87.7% ndi 95,5%, motsatana, ndi chidwi ndi mtundu wa CNN.% Ndi 86.6%, motsatana. Anamaliza kuti mitundu yophunzirira imatha kusintha makina owunikira m'matumbo. Zotsatira za phunziroli zidachitikanso chimodzimodzi; Amakhulupirira kuti gulu la DM limatha kusintha njira zachikhalidwe chazaka zowerengera. Zina mwa zitsanzo, DM LR inali chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri pankhani ya chidwi cha zitsanzo zamphongo ndi chidwi ndi kusanja kwa wachikazi. Mabungwe a LR m'chiwiri cha anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, lr amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya DM35 ndipo siyovuta komanso yovuta kuchita. Kutengera ndi zotsatirazi, LR idawonedwa ngati mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri kwa ana 18 okhala ndi zaka 18 mu anthu aku Korea.
Ponseponse, kulondola kwa magwiridwe antchito kapena kugwirira ntchito kalasi pa mayeso akunja kunali osauka kapena otsika poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za mayeso amkati. Malipoti ena amawonetsa kuti kulondola kwa kagulu kamene kalikonse kumachepa pamene zaka za ku Korea zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu aku Japan5,39, ndipo njira yofananayo idapezeka pophunzirapo. Zochita zowonongekazi zidawonedwanso mu mtundu wa DM. Chifukwa chake, kuweta molondola, ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito DM munthawi yake, njira zochokera ku mtundu wa anthu, monga njira zachikhalidwe, ziyenera kukhala zofanana5,39,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,414,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,42,41,41,41,41,41,41,41,42,41,42,414,41,42,41,41,41,41,41,42,41,42,41,41,41,41,42,41,42,4140. Popeza ndizokonzeka ngati mitundu yakuphunzirayi imatha kuwonetsa zofananira, kulinganiza kulinganiza kagulu kamene kakukakamizidwa, DM Models, ndi mitundu yakuphunzira pa zitsanzo zomwezi zimatha kuthana ndi mitundu iyi. makonda.
Timawonetsa kuti njira zachikhalidwe zitha kusinthidwa ndi nkhani za zaka za DM mu chithunzi cha DM ku Americana. Tinazindikiranso kuti mwina ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina akuwerenga paumwini. Komabe, pali zofananiza zomveka, monga omwe ali ndi ophunzira ambiri mu kafukufukuyu kuti azindikire zotsatira zake, ndipo kusowa kwa maphunziro am'mbuyomu ndikutsimikizira zotsatira za phunziroli. M'tsogolomu, maphunziro a DM ayenera kuchitidwa ndi zitsanzo zazikulu komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu osiyanasiyana kuti athe kukonza ntchito yake yothandiza poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe. Kuti mutsimikizire kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zakuya zomwe zili ndi zaka zambiri, maphunziro amtsogolo amafunika kuyerekezera kulondola kwa gulu la DM ndi mtundu wophunzirira ndi njira zachikhalidwe.
Phunziroli limagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za mabotolo 2,657 zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku Korea ndi Achi Japan akuluakulu azaka 15 mpaka 23. Ma radiograph aku Korea adagawika m'maphunziro 900 (19.42 ± 2.65) ndi mayesero 900 amkati (19.52 ± 2,59). Maphunzirowo adasonkhanitsidwa ku chipatala chimodzi (chipatala cha Seoul St. Mary), ndipo mayeso omwe adayesedwa nawo adasonkhanitsidwa pa mabungwe awiri (Seoul National Chipatala cha Mano a Develone ndi Yansei University Denol Decor). Tinatolanso ma radiograph 857 kuchokera ku data ina ya anthu (iwate walviuty yaku United University, Japan) kuti muyese yakunja. Ma radiography of Japan (19.31 ± 2.60) adasankhidwa kuti mayeso akunja. Zambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa mobwerezabwereza kupenda magawo a chitukuko cha mano pa ma radiogrance. Zambiri zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zinali zosadziwika kupatula jenda, tsiku lobadwa ndi tsiku la radiograph. Kuphatikiza ndi kuphatikizidwa komanso kupatula njira zomwe zinali zofanana ndi maphunziro anayi, 5. M'badwo weniweni wa zitsanzozo adawerengedwa ndikuchotsa tsiku lobadwa kuyambira tsiku lomwe azolowere adatengedwa. Gulu lachitsanzo lidagawika m'magulu asanu ndi anayi. M'badwo ndi zogawana zakugonana zimawonetsedwa mu tebulo 3 Phunziroli lidachitika molingana ndi chipatala cha Heioul St. Chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika potengera phunziroli, kuvomereza chidziwitso sikunapezeke kuchokera kwa odwala onse omwe akuwunika kwa radiographic. Chipatala cha Seoul Korea University St. Mary
Magawo Achitukuko a Bimaxillary Chachiwiri chachiwiri ndi chachitatu chimayesedwa molingana ndi zomwe De Deprity adayeserera. Dzino limodzi lokha limasankhidwa ngati dzino lomwelo limapezeka kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa nsagwada iliyonse. Ngati mano osalankhula mbali zonse ziwiri anali pamalo osiyanasiyana achitukuko, dzino lomwe lili ndi gawo lokhala ndi pansi lidasankhidwa kuti lisakhale ndi vuto la kusatsimikizika muukalamba. Ma radiography imodzi yosankhidwa mwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku maphunziro omwe adayikidwa ndi owonetsera awiri omwe adakumana ndi zomwe adakumana nazo kuti ayesere kudalirika kuti muchepetse kukhwima mano. Kudalirika kwa intrabobibility kunayenera kuyesedwa kawiri pa miyezi itatu ndi woyamba.
Kugonana ndi gawo lachilendo la nsagwada yachiwiri komanso yachitatu ya nsagwada zilizonse zomwe zinali zophunzitsira zomwe zidaphunzitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya DM, ndipo m'badwo weniweni udakhazikitsidwa ngati mtengo wa chandamale. Mitundu ya SLP ndi MLP, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophunzira makina, adayesedwa motsutsana ndi Algorithms. Mtundu wa DM umaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zachitukuko za mano anayi ndikuphatikiza izi kuti zitheke. SLP ndiye network yosavuta ya nearal ndipo mulibe zigawo zobisika. SLP imagwira ntchito potengera kufalikira pakati pa node. Chitsanzo cha SLP mu Recretiction ndi chofanana ndi kusinthidwa kambiri. Mosiyana ndi mtundu wa slide, mtundu wa mlp uli ndi zigawo zingapo zobisika zokhala ndi ntchito zosagwirizana. Zoyesa zathu zinagwiritsa ntchito chosambira chobisika chokhala ndi malo obisika 20 okha omwe ali ndi ntchito zosagwirizana. Gwiritsani ntchito mogwirizana ndi njira yotsatsira ndi Mae ndi RMSE Njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeserera mkati ndi kunja ndipo zaka za mano zimawerengedwa.
Algorithm otayidwa adapangidwa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito kukhwima kwa mano anayi pa maphunziro omwe afotokozedwera kuti anenere ngati zitsanzo za zaka 18 kapena ayi. Kuti tipangane, tinalimbikitsa makina asanu ndi awiri akuphunzira algorithmmerm6,43: (1) LR, (3) SVM, (5) RF, (7) mlp . LR ndi imodzi mwa algorithms yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amakhala oyang'anira algorithm omwe amagwiritsa ntchito redssion kulosera za mtundu wina kuchokera pa 0 mpaka 1 ndikugawa deta ngati gawo lolingana ndi izi; makamaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kalasi ya binary. K KIN KOMODZI NDI MOYO WABWINO KWAMBIRI Phunzirani Algorithms45. Mukapatsidwa deta yatsopano, imapeza tsatanetsatane wa K pansi pomwepo kenako imawaganizira mu kalasiyo ndi pafupipafupi. Timakhazikitsa 3 kwa chiwerengero cha oyandikana nawo (k). SVM ndi algorithm yomwe imakulitsa mtunda pakati pa magulu awiri pogwiritsa ntchito gulu la kernel kuti lichuluke malo osakhala mu mzere wotchedwa minda46. Mwa mtundu uwu, timagwiritsa ntchito kiya = 1, Mphamvu = 1, ndi gamma = 1 ngati hyperparameter ya kernel ya polynomial. DT yagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yosiyanasiyana ngati algorithm yogawa deta yonse yokhazikitsidwa m'magulu angapo poyimira malamulo a mtengo. Mtunduwu umakonzedwa ndi zolemba zochepa pa mawonekedwe a 2 ndikugwiritsa ntchito index ya gini ngati mlingo wambiri. RF ndi njira yosinthira yomwe imaphatikiza ma dts angapo kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito bootstrap yomwe imatulutsa katswiri wosankha mwachisawawa pazambiri zingapo kuchokera ku dataset48. Tidagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya 100, mpaka 15 Gulu latsopano latsopano limatsimikiziridwa ndi voti yayikulu. XGboost ndi algorithm yomwe imaphatikiza njira zolimbikitsira njira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapezeka ngati zolakwika zomwe zili pakati pa mtundu wazomwe zalembedwazo ndi zolakwitsa zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kwa Ardients49. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, komanso kudalirika ngati ntchito yowonjezera. Mtunduwo uli ndi mawilo 400 othandizira. MLP ndi network ya neural pomwe imodzi kapena zingapo zimapanga zigawo zingapo ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo zobisika pakati pa zotulutsa ndi zigawo zotulutsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, mutha kugwirizira gulu lopanda mzere komwe muwonjezera gawo lolowera ndikupeza phindu, mtengo wonenedwayo umayerekezedwa ndi phindu lake ndipo cholakwika chagawidwa. Tidapanga chosakira obisika ndi ma rauron 20 obisika m'masamba aliwonse. Mtundu uliwonse womwe tinakhala womwe tinalimbikitsidwa adayikidwa pamtunda wamkati komanso wakunja kuti ayesere magwiridwe antchito mwa kuwerengera, mwachindunji, PPV, NPV, ndi Auroc. Kukhutira kumafotokozedwa ngati chiwerengero cha zitsanzo zomwe zimapangidwira kukhala ndi zaka 18 kapena kupitilira kwa zaka 18 kapena kupitirira. Mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zosakwana zaka 18 ndipo zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi zaka 18.
Madontho a mano adayesedwa mu maphunziro omwe adasinthidwa adasinthidwa kukhala magawo azinthu zachinthu zambiri. Kuwongolera miyambo yambiri komanso kuwongolera kunachitika kuti apange mitundu yolosera za kugonana kulikonse ndikupeza njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyerekeza zaka. Tinazigwiritsa ntchito njirazi kuti tiyerekeze kuti ndi zaka zoyeserera zamkati ndi zakunja. Gome 4 likuwonetsa ku Regonation ndi zitsanzo zosungidwa mu phunziroli.
Intra- ndi Insharserver yodalirika idawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kappa ya kappa. Kuyesa kulondola kwa DM ndi zitsanzo zosinthitsa, timawerengera mae ndi rmse pogwiritsa ntchito mibadwo yomwe ikuchitika komanso yamkati mwa mayeso amkati. Zolakwika izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika kulosera kwa zonena za chizono. Zocheperako, zolakwitsa zapamwamba, zomwe zidakweza kulondola kwa wonenerawo24. Fananizani mafoni ndi RMSE ya mayeso amkati ndi kunja kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito DM ndi zochitika zachikhalidwe. Kugwirira ntchito kwa zaka 18 zosungunuka mu ziwerengero zachikhalidwe zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo la 2 × 2. Kuzindikira kuwerengetsa, kupezeka kwapadera, PPV, NPV, ndi Auroc oyesedwawo adafanizidwa ndi mfundo zoyezera za mtundu wa DM. Zambiri zimafotokozedwa monga kutanthauza kuti kupatuka kapena nambala (%) kutengera mawonekedwe a data. Awiri-Servint PROR <0.05 adawonedwa kuti ndi ofunika. Kusanthula kwa ziwerengero zonse za nthawi zonse kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa SAS 9.4 (Sas Institute, Cary, NC). Mtundu wa DM Resistation unakhazikitsidwa ku Python pogwiritsa ntchito keras50 2.2.4 Brocerkend ndi Tensfulow51 1.8.0 makamaka pa matemiya. Mtundu wa DM kagulu ka DM unakhazikitsidwa mu daidato wodziwa ku Waikato wodziwa zambiri ndi ma konstanz mer (minime) 4.6.152 Pulatifomu.
Olembawo amavomereza data yomwe ikuthandizira pamalingaliro a phunziroli kungakhale kupezeka mu nkhani ndi zida zowonjezera. Zolemba zomwe zimapangidwa ndipo / kapena kusanthula panthawi yomwe phunziroli likupezeka kuchokera ku Wolemba wolingana ndi zofunsidwa.
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Post Nthawi: Jan-04-2024