Zikomo chifukwa chochezera chilengedwe.com. Mtundu wa msakatuli womwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ali ndi chithandizo chochepa cha CSS. Zotsatira zabwino, tikupangira kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtundu watsopano wa msakatuli wanu (kapena kuletsa luso lanu la anthu wamba pa intaneti). Pakadali pano, kuonetsetsa kuti akupitiliza, tikuwonetsa tsambalo osakongoletsa kapena javascript.
Mafala Akutoma Nawo wa madongosolo am'mano ku UK ndi Ireland amafuna kuti madokotala a mano akhale oyenerera komanso kukhala ndi chidziwitso, maluso ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ingawathandize kuchita bwino. Njira zomwe masukulu a madoko azolowera zimasiyana ndikusinthidwa poyankha kusintha kwa matupi ndi zovuta zophunzitsira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi njira ziti zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito ndikugawana zinthu zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'mabuku.
Zolinga Zogwiritsira Ntchito Kutulutsa Kuzindikira njira zophunzitsira maluso azachipatala kuchokera m'mabuku omwe amafalitsidwa, kuphatikizaponso zatsopano, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusintha kwapadera.
Njira. Njira yowunikira idagwiritsidwa ntchito kusankha ndi kusanthula ma 57 zolemba zomwe zidasindikizidwa pakati pa 2008 ndi 2018.
Zotsatira. Zochitika muukadaulo wazidziwitso ndi kukula kwa malo omwe akuphunzira omwe amafalitsa pakuphunzitsa ndi kulimbikitsa kuphunzira pawokha komanso kudziyimira pawokha. Malonda a manja okhudzana ndi maluso amachitidwa mu ma abooto a zamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mannequin atsogoleri, ndipo masukulu ena a mano amagwiritsanso ntchito kwenikweni. Zochitika zachipatala zimapezekanso m'maseriki amitundu yambiri ndi malo ophunzitsira mafoni. Odwala osakwanira, kuchuluka kwa ophunzira, ndipo kuchepa mphamvu zanenedwa kuti zotsatirazi zinachepa kuchepa kwamankhwala ndi zinthu zina zochizira.
Pomaliza Maluso Omaliza Madokotala Amapanga Maganizo Atsopano omwe ali ndi mwayi wodziwa zambiri, wokonzekera komanso wotsimikizira kuti ali ndi luso lofunikira, koma kusowa kwa chidaliro pamatenda azachipatala, koma kusowa chidwi ndi luso lofunikira, koma kusowa chidwi ndi luso lovuta, lomwe lingapangitse kukoma kovuta, komwe kumatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala chete.
Imakhala ndi mabukuwo ndipo akuwonetsa momwe zinthu zomwe zalembedwerazo pazothandiza ndikukwaniritsa maluso a madokotala amaphunzitsa pazambiri zamankhwala.
Zovuta zingapo zidadziwika ndi omwe akukhudzidwa mogwirizana ndi malo enieni azachipatala omwe chiopsezo chosakwanira pokonzekera kuchita pawokha chidanenedwa.
Othandiza kwa iwo omwe akugwira ntchito yophunzitsa njira zophunzitsira, komanso kwa iwo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa ophunzira komanso maphunziro oyambira.
Masukulu dena amafunikira kuti azicheza ndi maluso ndi chidziwitso chomwe chingawathandize kuchita bwino, mwachifundo, komanso modziyimira pawokha, komanso popanda kuyang'aniridwa, monga momwe "pokonzekera gawo la" gawo. 1
Council Contel Council ili ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimapangitsa ziyembekezo zake m'magawo angapo. 2,3,4,5
Ngakhale pulogalamu yolowera muulamuliro iliyonse imafotokozedwa bwino, sukulu iliyonse yamano imakhala ndi ufulu wopanga maphunziro ake. Zinthu zazikulu ndi chiphunzitso cha malingaliro oyambira, kuyeserera koyenera kwa maluso opangira opaleshoni asanalumikizidwe, komanso kulemekeza luso loletsa kuleza mtima.
Omaliza maphunziro aposachedwa kwambiri ku UK Alowetse maphunziro azaka imodzi otchedwa maphunziro azaka, omwe amathandizidwa ndi National Hervience Service, komwe amagwira ntchito pasukulu yodziwika bwino ya maphunziro Kuyeserera koyambirira). Thandizeni). . Ophunzira amapezekapo osachepera 30 omwe amafunikira kusukulu yophunzirira maphunziro a komweko kuti ayesedwe. Maphunzirowa adapangidwa ndi Council of DEAN ndi owongolera mano omaliza ku UK. 6 Kumaliza kokwanira kwa maphunzirowa kumafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa dokotala kwa dokotala ndikuyamba kuchita chiwerewere kapena kujowina kuchipatala chaka chotsatira.
Ku Ireland, madokotala adodono omwe angomaliza kumene amatha kulowa mu General Exprop (GP) kapena malo achipatala popanda maphunziro ena.
Cholinga cha polojekitiyi chinali kuchititsa kuwunika kwa mabuku kuti akafufuze ndikugwiritsa njira zingapo kuti aphunzitse maluso azachipatala ku UK ndi masukulu atsopano omwe aphunzitsidwa. Kaya malo a chiphunzitsocho chasintha, luso la kuphunzitsa, komanso kuphunzitsa bwino zimakonzedwa bwino ophunzira chifukwa cha mano.
Zolinga za phunziroli ndioyenera njira yofufuzira. Ndemanga yotulutsa ndi chida chabwino chodziwitsa kukula kapena kuchuluka kwa mabuku pamutu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mwachidule zachilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa asayansi. Mwanjira imeneyi, mipata ya chidziwitso imatha kuzindikirika ndipo motero amafotokoza nkhani mwatsatanetsatane.
Njira yofunsira ndemanga iyi idatsatira maziko omwe a Arksey ndi O'malley 7 ndi oyeretsedwa ndi a Levack et al. 8 chimango chimakhala ndi chimango ndi chimodzi chopangidwa kuti chizitsogolera pagawo lililonse la njira iliyonse yowunikiranso.
Chifukwa chake, kuwunika kumeneku kumaphatikizapo njira zisanu: kutanthauza funso lofufuzira (Gawo 1); kuzindikira maphunziro oyenera (Gawo 2); Fotokozerani zotsatira (Gawo 5). Gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi - zokambirana - sizinasiyidwe. Pomwe levac et al. Ganizirani izi m'njira yofunika kwambiri pankhani yowunikirapo chifukwa kuwopsezedwa kumawonjezera chimphamvu cha phunziroli, arksey et al. 7 Ganizirani izi mwanjira imeneyi posankha.
Mafunso ofufuza amatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zolinga zomwe akuwunikanso, zomwe ndi kupenda zomwe zikuwonetsedwa m'mabuku:
Malingaliro a omwe akukhudzidwa (ophunzira, luso lazachipatala, odwala) za zomwe adakumana nazo amaphunzitsa zamaluso pasukulu yamano ndi kukonzekera kwawo.
Ndembala zonse Database zidasanthulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja ya Ovid kuti izindikire zolemba zoyambirira. Kusaka woyendetsa pulogalamuyi kumapereka mawu osakira mu kufufuza kotsatira. Sakani Wiley ndi Eric Platiform (Ebsco Platiform) zoyambira pogwiritsa ntchito mawu osakira "Maphunziro a mano komanso luso la maluso azachipatala." Sakani database yosungirako UK
Protocol yosankhidwa idapangidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti kusankha komwe kusankha kunali kosasinthasintha komanso kudali ndi chidziwitso chomwe chimayembekezeredwa kuyankha funso lofufuzira (tebulo 1). Onani mndandanda wa nkhani yosankhidwa pazinthu zina zoyenera. Chithunzi chojambulidwa mu Chithunzi 1 chimafotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za kusankha.
Zojambula za data zidapangidwa kuti ziwonetse mawonekedwe ndi zomwe akuyembekezeredwa kuti aperekedwe pamtundu wosankhidwa wa nkhaniyi. 7 Zolemba zonse za zolemba zomwe sanasankhe zidawunikiridwa kuti zidziwitse mitu.
Zolemba zokwanira 57 zomwe zidakumana ndi zomwe zatchulidwa mu protocol kusankha zidasankhidwa kuti ziphatikizidwe m'mabuku. Mndandanda umaperekedwa mu chidziwitso chowonjezera pa intaneti.
Zolemba izi ndi zotsatira za ntchito ndi gulu la ofufuza kuchokera ku masukulu 11 a mano (61% ya masukulu a mano ku UK ndi Ireland) (mkuyu. 2).
Nkhani za 57 zomwe zidakumana ndi njira zowunikira zowunikirazi zinawunikira mbali zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsa maluso azachipatala m'mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chowunikira zomwe zakhala zikuchitika, nkhani iliyonse idagawidwa. Nthawi zina, nkhanizi zimayang'ana pa chiphunzitso cha maluso azachipatala mkati mwa chilango chimodzi. Ena ankayang'ana maluso azachipatala kapena zochitika zingapo zophunzirira zokhudzana ndi madera angapo azachipatala. Gululi limatchedwa "lina" likuyimira mtundu womaliza.
Zolemba zomwe zimangoyang'ana pakuphunzitsa maluso oyankhulira komanso kuyerekezera machitidwe owonetsera adayikidwa pansi pa gulu la "Luso". Masukulu ambiri a mano, ophunzira amakhala ndi odwala akulu odwala m'manyuzipatala osiyanasiyana omwe amathetsa mbali zonse za thanzi lawo. Gulu la "Kusamala Kwambiri
Pankhani yamiliya zamankhwala, kufalitsidwa kwa malembawo 57 kukusonyezedwa pa Chithunzi 3.
Pambuyo pakuwunika deta, mitu isanu yofunika idatuluka, iliyonse ili ndi zolimba zingapo. Zolemba zina zimakhala ndi zochulukitsa pamitu yambiri, monga chidziwitso pakuphunzitsa malingaliro ndi njira zophunzitsira zothandiza. Mitu ya malingaliro imakhazikitsidwa ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mafunso akuwonetsa malingaliro a dipatimenti ya dipatimenti, ofufuza, odwala ndi omwe akugwira nawo ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, Mutu wamalingalirowo unapereka "mawu ophunzira" ndi mawu olunjika mu 16 zolemba zoyimira malingaliro a ophunzirira ophunzira 2042 (Chithunzi 4).
Ngakhale pali zosiyana kwambiri pophunzitsa nthawi yamituyi, pamakhala kusasinthika kokwanira pophunzitsa malingaliro. Misonkhano, seminare, ndi zophunzitsidwa zophunzitsidwa zidanenedwa kuti ziperekedwe ku masukulu onse a mano, ndi ena omwe amatengera kuphunzira pamavuto. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kuti upititse patsogolo (kungosangalatsa) kudzera munthawi zonse zomwe zimapezeka kuti ndizofala m'maphunziro mwamwambo.
Kuphunzitsa kunaperekedwa ndi ogwira ntchito zamaphunziro azachipatala (okalamba ndi a Junior), akatswiri wamba ndi akatswiri azachipatala (mwachitsanzo, radiologists). Zolemba zosindikizidwa zimasinthidwa kwambiri ndi mafilimu a pa intaneti omwe ophunzira amathanso kupeza njira.
Maluso onse ophunzitsidwa bwino kusukulu ya mano amapezeka mu phantom lab. Zida zozungulira, zida zam'manja, ndi zida za X-ray ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku chipatala m'malo mwa mano, mutha kudziwa bwino zida, ma ergonomics, komanso chitetezo chodwala. Maluso obwezeretsa amaphunzitsidwa mu zaka zoyambirira komanso zachiwiri, kutsatiridwa ndi entrotontics, ma prostodontics, okhazikika a prosodontics amkamwa ndi opaleshoni ya pakamwa mu zaka zotsatira (zaka zitatu mpaka zaka firiti).
Ziwonetsero zosonyeza luso la maluso ambiri zimasinthidwa kwambiri ndi makanema omwe amaperekedwa ndi ma deno cano enieni malo ophunzirira (vles). Maluso aphatikizire aphunzitsi achipembedzo ndi akatswiri onse. Masukulu angapo a mano akhazikitsa mawonekedwe enieni enieni.
Maphunziro olumikizirana amachitika pamaziko ogwiritsira ntchito zokambirana, amagwiritsa ntchito ophunzira nawo ndipo adapereka mwapadera odwala kuti ayesere kulumikizana, ngakhale kuti ukadaulo wa kanema umagwiritsidwa ntchito posonyeza kuti ophunzira azolowere.
Panthawi yofunika kwambiri, ophunzira adayamba kuchokera mano ku ziwengo zamtundu wa Trield kuti zitheke.
Masukulu ambiri a mano akhazikitsa zipatala zamitundu yambiri momwe chithandizo chamankhwala chothandizira odwala chimatha ku chipatala chimodzi chokhacho.
Oyang'anira azachipatala amapereka ndemanga kutengera momwe wophunzirayo amagwirira ntchito zamankhwala mu zamankhwala, ndikutinso kutsatira mayankho omwe angakwaniritsenso mtsogolo momwe amaphunzirira maluso ofanana.
Anthu amene amayang'anira "dipatimenti" amenewa mwina anaphunzira maphunziro ena pantchito ya maphunziro.
Kudalirika ku matenda azachipatala anenedwa kuti atukule matenda azachipatala angapo m'masukulu mano ndikukula kwa zipatala zazing'ono zodziwika ngati malo ophatikizika omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ophatikizika. Mapulogalamu owonjezerawa ndi gawo limodzi la maphunziro a ophunzira a kusekondale: Ophunzira omaliza amakhala mpaka 50% ya nthawi yawo mu zipatala. Zipatala zapadera, zipatala zam'madzi zam'mano zachilengedwe ndi malo a GP zimakhudzidwa. Oyang'anira mano amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa malo, monganso mtundu wa zochitika zamankhwala zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa anthu odwala. Ophunzira adapeza zokumana nazo zogwira ntchito ndi akatswiri ena osamalira mano ndipo adamvetsetsa bwino njira zosaneneka. Zopindulitsa zimaphatikizapo odwala akuluakulu komanso osiyana malo owonjezera poyerekeza ndi zipatala zochokera kusukulu.
Zochitika zenizeni zenizeni zakonzedwa ngati njira ina ya mitu ya phantom ya Phantom yophunzitsira maluso ophunzitsira ma dengu. Ophunzira amavala magalasi a 3D kuti apange chilengedwe chenicheni. Ma cerey ndi Auditory Cers amapereka ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi cholinga komanso chidziwitso chogwiritsira ntchito mwachangu. Ophunzira amagwira ntchito pawokha. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosankha kuchokera ku kukonzekera kosavuta kwa oyamba kumene ku korona ndi kukonzekera kwaukalamba kwa ophunzira apamwamba. Phindu limanenedwa kuti liphatikizepo zofunikira zoyang'aniridwa, zomwe zingakhale zopindulitsa ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi maphunziro oyang'anira chikhalidwe.
Makina owona
Zipangizo za VR / Haptic zimamuthandiza m'malo mosintha njira zachikhalidwe, ndipo ophunzira akuti amakonda kuphatikiza poyang'aniridwa ndi mayankho apakompyuta.
Masukulu ambiri a mano amagwiritsa ntchito vle kuti athandize ophunzira kupeza zothandizira komanso kutenga nawo mbali pa intaneti ndi mabungwe, kuphunzitsa, komanso maphunziro. Ubwino wa Vle umanenedwa kuti uphatikizidwe kwambiri komanso kudziyimira pawokha monga ophunzira amatha kukhazikitsa nthawi yawo, nthawi ndi malo ophunzirira. Zogulitsa pa intaneti zomwe zimapangidwa ndi masukulu a kholo okha (komanso magwero ena ambiri omwe adapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi komanso akunja) abweretsa kudalirika kwa mayiko. Kuphunzira kwa E-nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuphunzira kumaso kwa nkhope (Kuphunzira)). Njira imeneyi amakhulupirira kuti ndi yothandiza kwambiri kuposa njira yokhayokha.
Zipatala zina zamano zimapereka ma laputopu omwe amalola ophunzira kuti azitha kupeza ndalama zothandizira pa mankhwalawa.
Zochitika pakupereka ndi kulandira zokambirana zimakulitsa ntchito yogwira nawo ntchito. Ophunzira adazindikira kuti akupanga maluso owoneka bwino komanso otsutsa.
Ntchito yamagulu owonera, komwe ophunzira amakhala ndi zokambirana zawo pogwiritsa ntchito sukulu ya VRE denol, amadziwika kuti ndi njira yabwino yopangira kudziletsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano.
Masukulu ambiri a mano amagwiritsa ntchito mbiri (zolemba za ntchito yopita) ndi zida zamagetsi. Kalata yotereyi imapereka mbiri yochita bwino ndi zomwe mwakumana nazo, zimawonjezera kumvetsetsa mwakuwunikira, ndipo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoyambira luso komanso luso lodziwonetsa.
Pali kuchepa kwa odwala oyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za matenda azachipatala. Mafotokozedwe ofotokozera mwina amaphatikizapo kupezeka kosavomerezeka, odwala matenda odwala pang'ono kapena alibe matenda, osalandira bwino mankhwala, komanso kulephera kufika pamankhwala othandizira.
Kuwonetsera ndi zowunika kumalimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kupezeka kwa wodwala. Nkhani zingapo zimakhudzanso zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena zitha kuyambitsa mavuto chifukwa pamaphunziro amakumana ndi mankhwalawa.
Pali chidaliro chowonjezereka pa kagawo ka GDP ndi luso lazachipatala mkati mwa mano okhazikika, omwe ali ndi gawo la akulu azachipatala omwe akukhala woyang'anira kwambiri ndi madera omwe ali ndi madera ena. Chokwanira cha 16/57 (28%) zomwe zatchulidwa kuperewera kwa antchito azachipatala pakuphunzitsa ndi utsogoleri.
Post Nthawi: Aug-29-2024