Chitsanzo chophunzitsira cha trachea intubation ya anthu

Chitsanzochi chapangidwa ndi kupangidwa kutengera kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu, kuyambira mawonekedwe ake onse mpaka zigawo zake zonse zazikulu. Khoma la pachifuwa ndi mafupa a mutu zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yolimbikitsidwa ndi fiberglass, pomwe nkhope, mphuno, pakamwa, lilime, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, esophagus, mapapo, m'mimba, ndi mawonekedwe a pachifuwa chapamwamba zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yofewa komanso yotanuka. Nsagwada yapansi yosunthika imayikidwa kuti pakamwa patseguke ndikutseka. Kusuntha kwa malo olumikizirana ziwalo za m'chiberekero kumalola mutu kupendekera mmbuyo mpaka madigiri 80 ndikupitilira mpaka madigiri 15. Pali zizindikiro zowala zomwe zikusonyeza malo oikira chubu. Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuchita maphunziro olowetsa chubu potsatira njira zachikhalidwe zoyikira chubu.

Njira yopumira m'mimba pogwiritsa ntchito trachea:
1. Kukonzekera opaleshoni musanachite opaleshoni: A: Yang'anani laryngoscope. Onetsetsani kuti tsamba la laryngoscope ndi chogwirira chake zalumikizidwa bwino, ndipo kuwala kwa kutsogolo kwa laryngoscope kwayatsidwa. B: Yang'anani cuff ya catheter. Gwiritsani ntchito syringe kuti mulowetse cuff kumapeto kwa catheter, onetsetsani kuti palibe mpweya wotuluka kuchokera ku cuff, kenako tulutsani mpweya kuchokera ku cuff. C: Valani nsalu yofewa mu mafuta opaka ndikuyiyika pamwamba pa catheter ndi pamwamba pa cuff. Valani burashi mu mafuta opaka ndikuyiyika mkati mwa trachea kuti catheter iyende bwino.
2. Ikani chojambulacho chili chagada, mutu wake utapendekeka kumbuyo ndipo khosi litakwezedwa, kotero kuti pakamwa, pakhosi ndi pakhosi pakhale molunjika pa mzere umodzi.
3. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amaima pambali pa mutu wa munthu wovala chipewa, akugwira laryngoscope ndi dzanja lake lamanzere. Laryngoscope yowala iyenera kupendekedwa pa ngodya yakumanja kupita kukhosi. Tsamba la laryngoscope liyenera kuyikidwa kumbuyo kwa lilime mpaka pansi pa lilime, kenako kukwezedwa pang'ono mmwamba. Mphepete mwa epiglottis mutha kuwona. Ikani gawo lakutsogolo la laryngoscope pamalo olumikizirana a epiglottis ndi pansi pa lilime. Kenako kwezani laryngoscope kachiwiri kuti muwone glottis.
4. Mukatsegula glottis, gwirani catheter ndi dzanja lanu lamanja ndipo gwirizanitsani mbali yakutsogolo ya catheter ndi glottis. Ikani catheter pang'onopang'ono mu trachea. Ikani pafupifupi 1 cm mu glottis, kenako pitirizani kuzungulira ndikuyiyikanso mu trachea. Kwa akuluakulu, iyenera kukhala 4 cm, ndipo kwa ana, iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 2 cm. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika konse kwa catheter mwa akuluakulu ndi 22-24 cm (izi zitha kusinthidwa malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili).
5. Ikani thireyi ya mano pafupi ndi chubu cha trachea, kenako tulutsani laryngoscope.
6. Lumikizani chipangizo chobwezeretsa mpweya ku catheter ndikufinya thumba lobwezeretsa mpweya kuti mulowe mu catheter.
7. Ngati catheter yalowetsedwa mu trachea, kutsika kwa mpweya kudzapangitsa mapapu onse awiri kukula. Ngati catheter mwangozi yalowa mu mmero, kutsika kwa mpweya kudzachititsa kuti m'mimba mukule ndipo phokoso lidzatuluka ngati chenjezo.
8. Mukatsimikizira kuti catheter yalowetsedwa bwino mu trachea, konzani catheter ndi thireyi ya mano mosamala ndi tepi yayitali yomatira.
9. Gwiritsani ntchito singano yojambulira kuti mulowetse mpweya wokwanira mu cuff. Pamene cuff yadzaza mpweya, imatha kutseka bwino pakati pa catheter ndi khoma la trachea, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya usatuluke kuchokera mu makina opumira mpweya akamapita ku mapapo. Zingathenso kuletsa kusanza ndi kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kuti zisabwererenso mu trachea.
10. Gwiritsani ntchito syringe kuchotsa cuff ndikuchotsa chogwirira cuff.
11. Ngati laryngoscope ikugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndipo imayambitsa kupanikizika kwa mano, phokoso la alamu lidzayamba.